ferio

Esperanto

Etymology

From Italian feria.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [feˈrio]
• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -io
• Hyphenation: fe‧ri‧o

Noun

ferio (accusative singular ferion, plural ferioj, accusative plural feriojn)

1. day off, holiday (day of vacation)

   banka ferio

   bank holiday

2. (in the plural) vacation, holidays

   someraj ferioj

   summer vacation

Derived terms

• feria (“of or related to days off”)
• ferii (“to vacation”)

See also

• festotago (“holiday (day a festival is observed)”)

Latin

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *bʰerH- (“to pierce, strike”), perhaps with root-final laryngeal dropped in a prevocalic position. O-grade reflex is attested in forō. Cognate with Albanian bie (“to fall”), Old English ġebered (“crushed, kneaded”), English berry (“to beat, thrash”), Old Armenian բերան (beran). More at berry.

Alternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to scrape, to cut”). Compare Middle Irish berna, Old High German berjan, Middle High German berjen, Old English bered, Ancient Greek φάρω (phárō)/*Ancient Greek φαράω (pharáō), Avestan 𐬙𐬌𐬲𐬌𐬠𐬁𐬭𐬀‎ (tižibāra).

Verb

feriō (present infinitive ferīre, perfect active feriī, future participle ferītūrus); fourth conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle

1. I hit, I strike, I smite, I beat, I knock, injure.
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.102-103:

     Tālia iactantī, strīdēns Aquilōne procellā
     vēlum adversa ferit, flūctūsque ad sīdera tollit.

     [Even as Aeneas is] crying out such [great words], a gust howling from the Northwind is striking [his] sail full on, and raising up waves to heaven.
     (The description of waves reaching the sky exemplifies hyperbole. The Northwind: See Aquilo; Anemoi, Anemoi.)

   Synonyms: tango, percutio, pello, discutio, pulsō, tundō, accido, affligo, percello, impingo, ico, verbero, vulnerō, secō, noceō

   Feriri a serpente.

   To be stung by a snake.

2. I cut, I thrust.
3. (with accusative) I kill by striking, I slay, I give a deathblow

   aliquem securi ferire.

   To behead someone with an axe.

4. (money) I strike, I stamp, I coin.

   Asses sextantario pondere ferire.

   To strike asses only the sixth part of a pound.

   • moneyer; in the Roman Republic, the abbreviation III. VIR. AAAFF. or even III. VIR. A.P.F. (tresviri ad pecuniam feriundum) was written on the coins, but it stood for:

     Tresviri aere argento auro flando feriundo.

     Three men for striking and casting bronze, silver and copper coins.

5. I make a deal or contract or compact, covenant, or treaty

   Synonyms: ī̆cō, percutiō, pacīscor, pangō

6. (figurative) to strike, reach, affect
   • 43 BCE – c. 17 CE, Ovid, Fasti 6.518:

     clāmor Aventīnī saxa propinqua ferit

     The cry strikes the nearby rocks of Aventine Hill.
     (See: Aventine Hill.)

Usage notes

• Perfect and passive forms are rare. Perfect forms and perfect passive participle are usually supplied by its synonym, percutio. Sometimes ictus, the perfect passive participle of īcō, is used.
• The verb form feriunt (“they strike”) had the archaic spelling ferinunt.

Conjugation

Conjugation of feriō (fourth conjugation, no supine stem except in the future active participle)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	feriō	ferīs	ferit	ferīmus	ferītis	feriunt
	imperfect	feriēbam	feriēbās	feriēbat	feriēbāmus	feriēbātis	feriēbant
	future	feriam	feriēs	feriet	feriēmus	feriētis	ferient
	perfect	feriī	feriistī	feriit	feriimus	feriistis	feriērunt, feriēre
	pluperfect	ferieram	ferierās	ferierat	ferierāmus	ferierātis	ferierant
	future perfect	ferierō	ferieris	ferierit	ferierimus	ferieritis	ferierint
passive	present	ferior	ferīris, ferīre	ferītur	ferīmur	ferīminī	feriuntur
	imperfect	feriēbar	feriēbāris, feriēbāre	feriēbātur	feriēbāmur	feriēbāminī	feriēbantur
	future	feriar	feriēris, feriēre	feriētur	feriēmur	feriēminī	ferientur
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	feriam	feriās	feriat	feriāmus	feriātis	feriant
	imperfect	ferīrem	ferīrēs	ferīret	ferīrēmus	ferīrētis	ferīrent
	perfect	ferierim	ferierīs	ferierit	ferierīmus	ferierītis	ferierint
	pluperfect	feriissem	feriissēs	feriisset	feriissēmus	feriissētis	feriissent
passive	present	feriar	feriāris, feriāre	feriātur	feriāmur	feriāminī	feriantur
	imperfect	ferīrer	ferīrēris, ferīrēre	ferīrētur	ferīrēmur	ferīrēminī	ferīrentur
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	ferī	—	—	ferīte	—
	future	—	ferītō	ferītō	—	ferītōte	feriuntō
passive	present	—	ferīre	—	—	ferīminī	—
	future	—	ferītor	ferītor	—	—	feriuntor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		ferīre	feriisse	ferītūrum esse	ferīrī	—	—
participles		feriēns	—	ferītūrus	—	—	feriendus, feriundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		feriendī	feriendō	feriendum	feriendō	—	—

Derived terms

• secūrī feriō (I behead)
• foedus feriō (I make a compact, covenant or treaty)
• amōrum turpissimōrum foedera feriō (I form illicit connections)

Descendants

• Aromanian: firescu, afirescu, firiri
• Asturian: firir
• Catalan: ferir
• Franco-Provençal: fèrir
• French: férir
• Friulian: ferî
• Galician: ferir
• Italian: ferire
• Leonese: ferire
• Occitan: ferir
• Piedmontese: ferì
• Portuguese: ferir
• Romanian: feri, ferire
• Sardinian: feríre, fèrrere, ferri, fèrriri
• Sicilian: firiri
• Spanish: herir, ferir
• Venetian: ferir

References

• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “ferio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• ferio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to beat one's brow: frontem ferire, percutere
    
  • to slaughter victims: victimas (oxen), hostias (smaller animals, especially sheep) immolare, securi ferire, caedere, mactare
    
  • to execute a person, cut off his head: securi percutere, ferire aliquem
    
  • to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
    
• Dizionario Latino, Olivetti

Spanish

Verb

ferio

1. first-person singular present indicative of feriar