forcenna

Old Irish

Etymology

From forcenn +‎ -aid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /forˈkʲen͈a/

Verb

for·cenna (conjunct ·foircnea, verbal noun forcenn)

1. to end, to put an end to, to bring to an end
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 73^d7

     Ná eiplet húan bás coitchen húa n‑epil cách, acht foircniter húa sain-bás sech cách.

     Let them not die by the common death by which everyone dies, but let them be ended by a special death different from everyone.

2. to exterminate, kill
   • c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 102^a15

     Itius anúas ⁊ dus·claid anís; air ní foircnea in fíni hithe neich di anúas, amal du·ngní int aís sechmaill as·mbeir-som .i. air is cuit adaill ad·n-ellat-sidi in fíni du thabairt neich doib dia thorud.

     They eat it from above and he roots it up from below; for it does not exterminate the vine to eat of anything of it from above, as do the passers-by whom he speaks of, i.e. for it is only a passing visit that they make [lit: ‘that they visit’] to the vine to take something for themselves of its fruit.

Inflection

Complex, class A I present, s preterite, f future, a subjunctive

		1st sg.	2nd sg.	3rd sg.	1st pl.	2nd pl.	3rd pl.	Passive sg.	Passive pl.
Present indicative	Deut.			for·cenna					for·cennatar
	Prot.			·foircnea				·foircnithaer	·foircniter
Imperfect indicative	Deut.
	Prot.
Preterite	Deut.
	Prot.
Perfect	Deut.			foda·rorcenn (with infixed pronoun da-)			for·ruchénsat	forrum·chennad (with infixed pronoun m-)
	Prot.								·rrufoircneda
Future	Deut.								for·ceinfiter
	Prot.			·foircnibea
Conditional	Deut.								for·ceinnfitis
	Prot.
Present subjunctive	Deut.			for·cenna
	Prot.			·foircnea
Past subjunctive	Deut.
	Prot.
Imperative							foircniter
Verbal noun
Past participle
Verbal of necessity

Descendants

• Irish: foirceann

Mutation

Old Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Nasalization
for·cenna	for·chenna	for·cenna pronounced with /-ɡ(ʲ)-/
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “forcenna”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language