frém

See also: frem

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *wridmā (compare Welsh greddf), from Proto-Indo-European *wr̥h₂d-. Cognate with synonymous frén, from the same root with a different suffix.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɸʲɾʲeːβ̃/

Noun

frém f (genitive fréime, nominative plural fréma)

1. root

Inflection

Feminine ā-stem

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	frémL	fréimL	frémaH
vocative	frémL	fréimL	frémaH
accusative	fréimN	fréimL	frémaH
genitive	fréimeH	frémL	frémN
dative	fréimL	frémaib	frémaib

Initial mutations of a following adjective:

• ^H = triggers aspiration
• ^L = triggers lenition
• ^N = triggers nasalization

Descendants

• Middle Irish: frém, prém
  • Irish: fréamh, préamh
  • Manx: fraue
  • Scottish Gaelic: freumh

Mutation

Mutation of frém

radical	lenition	nasalization
frém	ḟrém	frém pronounced with /β̃ʲ-/

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “frém”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language