fumus

Esperanto

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈfumus/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -umus
• Syllabification: fu‧mus

Verb

fumus

1. conditional of fumi

Ido

Verb

fumus

1. conditional of fumar

Latin

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-mós

Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós

Proto-Italic *þūmos

Proto-Italic *fūmos

Latin fūmus

Inherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *þūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).

Cognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), and English dust.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈfuː.mʊs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈfuː.mus]

Noun

fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension

1. smoke, steam, fume
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.608–609:

     “‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs
     saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, [...].’”

     “‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, [...].’”
     (The destruction of Troy.)

2. indication, sign

   fūmus bonī iūris ― sign of good law

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	fūmus	fūmī
genitive	fūmī	fūmōrum
dative	fūmō	fūmīs
accusative	fūmum	fūmōs
ablative	fūmō	fūmīs
vocative	fūme	fūmī

Derived terms

• fūmārium
• fūmeus
• fūmidus
• fūmifer
• fūmificus
• fūmigō
• fūmō
• fūmōsus

Related terms

• fūmōs vēndō, fūmum vēndō

Descendants

• Aromanian: fum
• Asturian: fumu
• Catalan: fum
• English: fume
• Franco-Provençal: fom
• Friulian: fum
• Istriot: fòumo
• Italian: fumo
• Occitan: fum, hum
• Old French: fum
• ⇒ Old French: fumee
  • Middle French: fumee, fumée
    • French: fumée
• Old Galician-Portuguese: fumo, fume
  • Galician: fume, fumo
  • Portuguese: fumo
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: fumu
    • Kabuverdianu: fumu
    • → Hunsrik: Fumm
• Old Spanish: fumo
  • Ladino: umo, fumo
  • Spanish: humo, jumo (Dominican Republic) (see there for further descendants)
• Romanian: fum
• Romansh: fim
• Sardinian: fummu, fumu
• Sicilian: fumu
• Vulgar Latin: *affumāre (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “fumus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fumus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "fumus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “fumus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.