gainithir

Old Irish

Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *ganyetor, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵn̥h₁yétor, deponent present of *ǵenh₁-.

Verb

gainithir (conjunct ·gainedar, verbal noun gein)

1. to be born

   For quotations using this term, see Citations:gainithir.

Inflection

Simple, class B II present, reduplicated preterite, a future, a subjunctive, deponent

		active						passive
		singular			plural			singular	plural
		1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
present indicative	abs.
	conj.			·gainedar, ·gainethar	·gainemmar		·gainetar
	rel.			gainethar, genethar
imperfect indicative
preterite	abs.
	conj.			·génir, ·génair			·génatar
	rel.
perfect	deut.	ro·génar		ro·génir, ro·génair, ru·génair			ro·génartar
	prot.
future	abs.			gignithir
	conj.			·gignethar
	rel.			gignathar; génathar
conditional				·gigned
present subjunctive	abs.
	conj.
	rel.
past subjunctive				ro·genad (ro-form)
imperative
verbal noun		gein
past participle
verbal of necessity

Derived terms

• ad·gainethar

Descendants

• Irish: gin
• Scottish Gaelic: gin
• ⇒ Middle Irish: modgénair, mogénar (from mad génair (“fortunately was born”))
  • Irish: méanar
  • Manx: maynrey

Mutation

Mutation of gainithir

radical	lenition	nasalization
gainithir	gainithir pronounced with /ɣ-/	ngainithir

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “gainithir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
• Pedersen, Holger (1913), Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen [Comparative Grammar of the Celtic Languages] (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, § 735, page 533