gluma

See also: glumă

Catalan

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin glūma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [ˈɡlu.mə]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈɡlu.ma]

Noun

gluma f (plural glumes)

1. (botany) glume

Further reading

• “gluma”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007
• “gluma”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2026
• “gluma” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
• “gluma” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

Italian

Etymology

From Latin glūma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡlu.ma/
• Rhymes: -uma
• Hyphenation: glù‧ma

Noun

gluma f (plural glume)

1. (botany) glume

Latin

Etymology

De Vaan posits a preform Proto-Italic *glouβ(s)mā, from Proto-Indo-European *gl(e/o)wbʰ-m-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *glewbʰ-. Sihler suggests a development from Proto-Italic *glūmma, from earlier *glewbmā.

Noun

glūma f (genitive glūmae); first declension

1. husk of grain, the glume

   Synonym: folliculus

   • 116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, Agricultural Topics 1.48.1:

     ea (spīca) quae mutilāta nōn est, in hordeō et trīticō, tria habet continentia, grānum, glūmam, aristam et etiam, prīmitus spīca cum oritur, vāgīnam. grānum dīcitur quod est intimum soldum; glūma quī est folliculus ejus; arista quae ut acus tenuis longa ēminet ē glūmā, proinde ut grānī apex sit glūma et arista. arista et grānum omnibus ferē nōtum, glūma paucīs. itaque id apud Ennium sōlum scrīptum sciō esse in Euhēmerī librīs versīs. vidētur vocābulum etymum habēre ā glūbendō, quod eō folliculō dēglūbitur grānum. itaque eōdem vocābulō appellant fīcī ejus, quam edimus, folliculum. arista dicta, quod ārēscit prīma. grānum ā gerendō: id enim ut gerat spīca, seritur frūmentum, nōn ut glūmam aut aristam gerat, ut vītis seritur, nōn ut pampinum ferat, sed ut ūvam.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

   • c. 500 CE, Servius, In Vergilii Georgicon libros 1.267:

     nōnnūllī trādunt rūsticōs solitōs, sīquando ad excūdendās frūgēs essent imbribus inpedītī, spīcās integrās condere et, prout indiguisset ūsus, hieme torrēre, quō facilius ā glūmā suā sēparātum trīticum molerent.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Declension

First-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	glūma	glūmae
genitive	glūmae	glūmārum
dative	glūmae	glūmīs
accusative	glūmam	glūmās
ablative	glūmā	glūmīs
vocative	glūma	glūmae

Descendants

• → Catalan: gluma
• → English: glume
• → French: glume
• → Italian: gluma
• → Romanian: glumă
• → Spanish: gluma

References

• “gluma”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• gluma in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung
• “gluma”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Romanian

Noun

gluma f

1. definite nominative/accusative singular of glumă

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *gluma, from *glumъ.

Noun

glúma f (Cyrillic spelling глу́ма)

1. acting

Declension

Declension of gluma

	singular	plural
nominative	gluma	glume
genitive	glume	gluma
dative	glumi	glumama
accusative	glumu	glume
vocative	glumo	glume
locative	glumi	glumama
instrumental	glumom	glumama

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin glūma.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡluma/ [ˈɡlu.ma]
• Rhymes: -uma
• Syllabification: glu‧ma

Noun

gluma f (plural glumas)

1. (botany) glume

Further reading

• “gluma”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025