gram

See also: Gram, grâm, grām, gräm, gram., -gram, and 'gram

English

Alternative forms

• gramme (UK)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɹæm/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -æm
• Homophone: graham (some pronunciations)

Etymology 1

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”). Doublet of gramma.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

2. A unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g.

   Holonyms: kilogram < megagram < gigagram

   Meronyms: picogram < nanogram < microgram < milligram

Derived terms

• attogram
• centimeter-gram-second
• Christogram
• connectogram
• corrgram
• erythrogram
• exagram
• femtogram
• gigagram
• gram atom
• gram calorie
• gram degree
• gram equivalent
• grammage
• gram-molecular weight
• gram molecule
• hectokilogram
• kinetogram
• megagram
• metergram
• multigram
• myriagram
• petagram
• picogram
• quectogram
• quettagram
• ronnagram
• rontogram
• stereogram
• subgram
• syllectogram
• teragram
• yoctogram
• yottagram
• zeptogram
• zettagram

Translations

unit of mass

• Afrikaans: gram (af)
• Albanian: gram (sq) m
• Arabic: جْرَام m (gram), غْرَام m (ḡrām), غْرَام m (gram)

  Egyptian Arabic: جرام m (grām)

  Hijazi Arabic: قرام m (grām)

• Armenian: գրամ (hy) (gram)
• Asturian: gramu m
• Azerbaijani: qram (az)
• Belarusian: грам m (hram)
• Bengali: গ্রাম (bn) (gram)
• Bulgarian: грам (bg) m (gram)
• Burmese: ဂရမ် (my) (ga.ram)
• Catalan: gram (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 克 (hak¹), 公克 (gung¹ hak¹)

  Dungan: гунфын (gunfɨn), грамм (gramm)

  Hakka: 克 (khiet), 公克 (kûng-khiet), 古拉母 (kù-la-mú)

  Hokkien: 公克 (zh-min-nan) (kong-khek)

  Mandarin: 克 (zh) (kè), 公克 (zh) (gōngkè)

• Czech: gram (cs) m
• Danish: gram (da) n
• Dutch: gram (nl) m
• Esperanto: gramo
• Estonian: gramm
• Finnish: gramma (fi)
• French: gramme (fr) m
• Galician: gramo (gl) m
• Georgian: გრამი (grami)
• German: Gramm (de) n
• Greek: γραμμάριο (el) n (grammário)

  Ancient Greek: γραμμάριον n (grammárion)

• Gujarati: ગ્રામ (grām)
• Hebrew: גְרַם (he) m (gram)
• Hindi: ग्राम (hi) m (grām)
• Hungarian: gramm (hu)
• Icelandic: gramm (is) n
• Ido: gramo (io)
• Indonesian: gram (id)
• Ingrian: gramma
• Irish: gram m
• Italian: grammo (it) m
• Japanese: グラム (ja) (guramu)
• Kannada: ಗ್ರಾಮು (grāmu)
• Kazakh: грамм (gramm)
• Khmer: ក្រាម (km) (kraam)
• Korean: 그램 (ko) (geuraem)
• Kyrgyz: грамм (ky) (gramm)
• Lao: ກຣັມ (kram), ກັມ (kam), ກະລາມ (lo) (ka lām)
• Latvian: grams m
• Lithuanian: gramas (lt) m
• Lü: ᦂᧄ (k̇am)
• Luxembourgish: Gramm m
• Macedonian: грам m (gram)
• Malay: gram
• Māori: karamu, koma
• Mongolian: грамм (mn) (gramm)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: gram (no) n

  Nynorsk: gram n

• Occitan: grama (oc) m
• Pannonian Rusyn: ґрам m (gram)
• Persian: گرم (fa) (geram)
• Polish: gram (pl) m
• Portuguese: grama (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਗ੍ਰਾਮ (grām)
• Quechua: k'isura
• Romagnol: grâm m
• Romanian: gram (ro) n
• Russian: грамм (ru) m (gramm)
• Scottish Gaelic: gram m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: гра̏м m

  Latin: grȁm (sh) m

• Shan: ၷြမ် (grǎm)
• Sinhalese: ග්රෑම් (grǣm), ග්‍රෑම් (grǣm)
• Slovak: gram (sk) m
• Slovene: gram (sl) m
• Sotho: geramo
• Spanish: gramo (es) m
• Swahili: gramu (sw)
• Swedish: gram (sv) n
• Tagalog: gramo
• Tajik: грамм (gramm)
• Tamil: கிராம் (ta) (kirām)
• Telugu: గ్రాము (te) (grāmu)
• Thai: กรัม (th) (gram)
• Turkish: gram (tr)

  Ottoman Turkish: غرام (gıram)

• Turkmen: gramm
• Ukrainian: грам (uk) m (hram)
• Urdu: گرام m (grām)
• Uzbek: gramm (uz)
• Vietnamese: gam (vi)
• Yiddish: גראַם (gram)
• Yoruba: gíráàmù

See also

• kilogram
• milligram
• List of SI units

Etymology 2

From obsolete Portuguese gram (modern Portuguese grão), from Latin grānum. Doublet of corn, grain, granum, and grao.

Noun

gram (countable and uncountable, plural grams)

1. A leguminous plant grown for its seeds, especially the chickpea.
   • 1870, Henry Letheby, On Food, page 22:

     The next class of farinaceous foods are the Pulses, as peas, beans, and lentils of this country, and the dholls and grams of India.

2. (uncountable) The seeds of these plants.

Derived terms

• Bengal gram
• black gram
• gram flour
• green gram
• horse gram

Translations

A leguminous plant

• Bulgarian: нахут m (nahut)

Etymology 3

Clipping of gramma.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. (colloquial) Grandmother.

Etymology 4

Clipping of gramophone.

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. (broadcasting, dated) A gramophone recording.

Etymology 5

Clipping of Instagram.

Proper noun

gram

1. Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”)
   • 2020, Barrington DeVaughn Hendricks, “BALD!”, performed by JPEGMAFIA, Tiny Lil God Publishing, ISWC T9325823390:

     Keep my business off the gram / Switch my style like I switch hands / Going to war, on foreign land / Fuck out the way bitch back it up / Shit better get played in a palace

Noun

gram (plural grams)

1. Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”)

Verb

gram (third-person singular simple present grams, present participle gramming, simple past and past participle grammed)

1. Alternative form of 'gram (“Instagram”)

Derived terms

• regram

Etymology 6

Noun

gram

1. (US) Misspelling of graham.

See also

etymologically unrelated terms

• gram-negative
• gram panchayat
• gram-positive
• gram sansad

Further reading

• gram on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
• gram (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• GARM, MAgr, marg

Albanian

Alternative forms

• grama, gramra, gramna — obsolete, plural forms

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡɾam/
• Rhymes: -am

Etymology 1

From Vulgar Latin *grāma (see Spanish grama) from earlier Latin grāmĭna, plural of grāmen.

Noun

gram m (definite grámi) (uncountable)

1. couch grass

   Synonyms: krisje, troskë

2. knotgrass

Etymology 2

Internationalism, compare English gram, Italian grammo.

Noun

gram m (plural grámë, definite grámi, definite plural grámët)

1. gram (measurement unit)
2. (figurative) bit, crumb, particle

   Synonyms: thërrime, copëz

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gram	grami	gramë	gramët
accusative		gramin
dative	grami	gramit	gramëve	gramëve
ablative			gramësh

Further reading

• FGJSSH: Fjalor i gjuhës së sotme shqipe [Dictionary of the modern Albanian language]‎^[1], 1980
• “gram”, in FGJSH: Fjalor i gjuhës shqipe [Dictionary of the Albanian language] (in Albanian), 2006
• Mann, S. E. (1948), “gram, grâm”, in An Historical Albanian–English Dictionary, London: Longmans, Green & Co., page 132

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic, Valencia) [ˈɡɾam]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Etymology 2

Inherited from Latin grāmen. Previously applied to grasses in general but now restricted to a few specific species.

Noun

gram m (plural grams)

1. Bermuda grass

Derived terms

• gram negre
• gramera
• gramós

Further reading

• “gram”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gram
• Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram m inan

1. gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	gramu	gramů
dative	gramu	gramům
accusative	gram	gramy
vocative	grame	gramy
locative	gramu	gramech
instrumental	gramem	gramy

Derived terms

• centigram
• decigram
• dekagram
• kilogram
• miligram

Further reading

• “gram”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “gram”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Danish

Etymology 1

From Old Norse gramr, cognate with Icelandic gramur (“resentful, irritated”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Adjective

gram (neuter gramt, plural and definite singular attributive gramme)

1. irate

Inflection

Inflection of gram

	positive	comparative	superlative
indefinite common singular	gram	—	—2
indefinite neuter singular	gramt	—	—2
plural	gramme	—	—2
definite attributive1	gramme	—	—

¹ When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite,
the corresponding "indefinite" form is used.
² The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively.

Etymology 2

From Ancient Greek γραμμά (grammá).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/, [ɡ̊ʁɑmˀ]

Noun

gram n (singular definite grammet, plural indefinite gram)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Inflection

Declension of gram

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	gram	grammet	gram	grammene
genitive	grams	grammets	grams	grammenes

References

• “gram” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɣrɑm/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: gram
• Rhymes: -ɑm

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma during the French Revolution, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n or m (plural grammen, diminutive grammetje n)

1. gram (unit of mass)

   Coordinate terms: kilo, ton

Derived terms

• centigram
• decagram
• decigram
• gramatoom
• hectogram
• kilogram
• microgram
• milligram
• nanogram

Descendants

• → Indonesian: gram

Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch gram (“wrath”). The noun sense represents a substantivization of the adjective.

Adjective

gram (comparative grammer, superlative gramst)

1. (rare) angry, irate

Derived terms

• gramschap

Related terms

• grimmig

Noun

gram m (uncountable, diminutive grammetje n)

1. (rare) wrath

   Synonyms: toorn, woede, wrevel

German

Etymology

From Middle High German gram, from Old High German gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Germany (Berlin)):

  (file)

Adjective

gram (indeclinable)

1. angry

   Seit dieser Tat war er ihm auf immer gram.

   After this deed he was eternally angry at him.

Derived terms

• grämen
• vergrämen

Further reading

• “gram” in Duden online
• “gram” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Indonesian

Etymology

From Dutch gram, from French gramme, from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡram]
• Hyphenation: gram

Noun

gram (plural gram-gram)

1. gram: a unit of mass equal to one-thousandth of a kilogram. Symbol: g

Further reading

• “gram”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Irish

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma, “a small weight, a scruple”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɾˠamˠ/

Noun

gram m (genitive singular graim, nominative plural graim)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram (first declension)

bare forms singular plural nominative gram graim vocative a ghraim a ghrama genitive graim gram dative gram graim forms with the definite article singular plural nominative an gram na graim genitive an ghraim na ngram dative leis an ngram don ghram leis na graim

Mutation

Mutated forms of gram

radical	lenition	eclipsis
gram	ghram	ngram

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “gram”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gram

1. angry
2. sad, upset

Inflection

Adjective

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	indefinite	gram	gramme	gram	gramme
	definite	gramme		gramme
accusative	indefinite	grammen	gramme	gram	gramme
	definite			gramme
genitive	indefinite	grams	grammer	grams	grammer
	definite	grams, grammen		grams, grammen
dative		grammen	grammer	grammen	grammen

Descendants

• Dutch: gram

Further reading

• “gram”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E.; Verdam, J. (1885–1929), “gram (I)”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN, page I

Middle English

Etymology

From Old English gram, from Proto-Germanic *gramaz; cognate to Old Norse gramr. Related to grim.

Adjective

gram

1. Angry.
   • c. 1300, Havelok the Dane:

     For he knew, the swike dam, / Euerildel God was him gram.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Middle High German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (before 13^th CE) /ˈɡram/

Etymology 1

Inherited from Old High German guot, from Proto-West Germanic *gram(i), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Adjective

gram

1. angry, furious

   Ich bin ir leides gram. ― (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Declension

Positive forms of gram

		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter	nonneuter	neuter
strong declension	nominative	gramer	gramiu	grameȥ	grame	gramiu
	genitive	grames	gramer(e)	grames	gramer(e)
	dative	gramem(e)	gramer(e)	gramem(e)	gramen
	accusative	gramen	grame	grameȥ	grame	gramiu
weak declension	nominative	dër grame	diu grame	daȥ grame	die gramen	diu gramen
	genitive	dës gramen	dër gramen	dës gramen	dër gramen
	dative	dëm gramen	dër gramen	dëm gramen	dën gramen
	accusative	dën gramen	die gramen	daȥ grame	die gramen	diu gramen

Descendants

• German: gram

Etymology 2

Inherited from Old High German gramo, from Proto-Germanic *gramô.

Noun

gram m

1. displeasure, anger
   • 13th c., Neidhart von Reuental, Meie dīn liechter schīn:

     Fürhtet scham, wībes nam,
     dër enwirt dir nimmer gram.
     Ist ër guoten wīben zam,
     ist sīn zunge an schelten lam,
     so ist ër aller tugende stam,
     sælic sī sīn līp.

     Fears the shame, on behalf of the woman,
     this will never cause trouble to you.
     If he is tame to good women,
     if not a bad word comes over his tongue,
     he will be the root of virtue,
     he should be blessed.

Declension

Declension of gram (strong masculine without umlaut)

	singular			plural
	indef.	def.	noun	def.	noun
nominative	ein	dër	gram	die	grame
genitive	eines	dës	grames	dër	grame
dative	eime	dëm	grame	dën	gramen
accusative	einen	dën	gram	die	grame

Descendants

• German: Gram

References

• Benecke, Georg Friedrich; Müller, Wilhelm; Zarncke, Friedrich (1863), “gram”, in Mittelhochdeutsches Wörterbuch: mit Benutzung des Nachlasses von Benecke, Stuttgart: S. Hirzel

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma or grammene)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
• “gram_2” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram n (definite singular grammet, indefinite plural gram, definite plural gramma)

1. a gram, unit of weight, symbol g.

Derived terms

• mikrogram

References

• “gram” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Old English

Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *gram(i), from Proto-Germanic *gramaz.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrɑm/

Adjective

gram

1. angry, hostile

Declension

Declension of gram — Strong

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	gram	gramu, gramo	gram
Accusative	gramne	grame	gram
Genitive	grames	gramre	grames
Dative	gramum	gramre	gramum
Instrumental	grame	gramre	grame
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Accusative	grame	grama, grame	gramu, gramo
Genitive	gramra	gramra	gramra
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Declension of gram — Weak

Singular	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	grama	grame	grame
Accusative	graman	graman	grame
Genitive	graman	graman	graman
Dative	graman	graman	graman
Instrumental	graman	graman	graman
Plural	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	graman	graman	graman
Accusative	graman	graman	graman
Genitive	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena	gramra, gramena
Dative	gramum	gramum	gramum
Instrumental	gramum	gramum	gramum

Descendants

• Middle English: gram

Old Norse

Noun

gram

1. accusative/dative singular of gramr

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡram/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -am
• Syllabification: gram
• Homophone: -gram

Etymology 1

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Noun

gram m inan

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	gramy
genitive	grama	gramów
dative	gramowi	gramom
accusative	gram	gramy
instrumental	gramem	gramami
locative	gramie	gramach
vocative	gramie	gramy

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

gram

1. first-person singular present indicative of grać

Further reading

• gram in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• gram in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Portuguese

Noun

gram m (plural grãos)

1. obsolete spelling of grão

Descendants

• → English: gram

Adjective

gram

1. obsolete spelling of grão

Further reading

• “gram”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “gram”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡram/
• Rhymes: -am

Noun

gram n (plural grame)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	gram	gramul		grame	gramele
genitive-dative	gram	gramului		grame	gramelor
vocative	gramule			gramelor

Scottish Gaelic

Etymology

From French gramme, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡram/

Noun

gram m (plural gramichean)

1. gram (unit of mass)

Derived terms

• cileagram (“kilogram”)
• micreo-gram (“microgram”)

Related terms

• tunna (“tonne”)

Mutation

Mutation of gram

radical	lenition
gram	ghram

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Edward Dwelly (1911), “gram”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Borrowed from French gramme, a borrowing from Latin gramma, from Ancient Greek γράμμα (grámma).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡrâm/

Noun

grȁm m inan (Cyrillic spelling гра̏м)

1. gram (unit)

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	grȁm	grȁmi
genitive	grȁma	grȃmā
dative	grȁmu	grȁmima
accusative	grȁm	grȁme
vocative	grȁme	grȁmi
locative	grȁmu	grȁmima
instrumental	grȁmom	grȁmima

Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

gram n

1. gram (unit of mass)

Declension

Declension of gram

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	gram	grams
	definite	grammet	grammets
plural	indefinite	gram	grams
	definite	grammen	grammens

See also

• gubbe

References

• gram in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• gram in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• gram in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Tatar

Noun

gram

1. Latin spelling of грам (gram, “gram (unit of mass)”)

Declension

Declension of gram

nominative	gram
genitive	gramnıñ
dative	gramga
accusative	gramnı
locative	gramda
ablative	gramnan

Volapük

Noun

gram (nominative plural grams)

1. gram

Declension

Declension of gram

	singular	plural
nominative	gram	grams
genitive	grama	gramas
dative	grame	grames
accusative	grami	gramis
vocative 1	o gram!	o grams!
predicative 2	gramu	gramus

¹ status as a case is disputed
² in later, non-classical Volapük only