granum

English

Etymology 1

From the late 19th c., from Latin grānum (“grain, seed or small kernel”). Doublet of corn, grain, gram, and grao.

Noun

granum (plural grana)

1. (biology) A stack-like structure in plant chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll; the site of photosynthesis.

Etymology 2

Noun

granum (plural granums)

1. (obsolete, regional) One's grandmother.
   • 1663 (indicated as 1664), [Samuel Butler], “Canto III”, in Hudibras. The Second Part. […], London: […] T[homas] R[oycroft] for John Martyn, and James Allestry […], →OCLC, page 175:

     Each of 'em has a ſev'ral Gin, / To catch Intelligences in. / Some by the Noſe vvith fumes trapan 'em, / As Dunſtan did the Devil's Grannum.

Alternative forms

• grannum

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *grānom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵr̥h₂nóm.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡraː.nũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɡraː.num]

Noun

grānum n (genitive grānī); second declension

1. grain, seed, small kernel

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	grānum	grāna
genitive	grānī	grānōrum
dative	grānō	grānīs
accusative	grānum	grāna
ablative	grānō	grānīs
vocative	grānum	grāna

Derived terms

• grānārium
• grānātim
• grānātum
• grānātus
• grāneus
• *grānica
• grānōsus
• grānulum
• mālogrānātum

Related terms

• grānifer

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: grãn
  • Megleno-Romanian: grǫn, grăn
  • Romanian: grâu
• Italo-Dalmatian:
  • Corsican: granu
  • Dalmatian: grun
  • Italian: grano, grana
  • Sicilian: granu
  • Venetan: gran
• Rhaeto-Romance:
  • Friulian: gran
  • Ladin: gran
  • Romansch: graun
• Gallo-Italian:
  • Piedmontese: gran, gran-a
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: gra
  • Old French: grain
    • Middle French: grain
      • French: grain
    • → Irish: gráinne
    • → Middle English: greyn, grayn, grayne, grein, greyne, grone
      • English: grain
      • Scots: grain
      • Yola: gryne
  • Occitan: gran
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Asturian: granu, grana (from neuter plural)
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: grão
    • Fala: gran
    • Galician: gran
    • Portuguese: grão, gram (obsolete), graõ (obsolete), grao (obsolete)
      • Macanese: grám
  • Old Spanish:
    • Ladino: גראנו (grano)
    • Spanish: grano
• → Basque: garau
• → German: Gran (learned)
• → Proto-West Germanic: *grānō (see there for further descendants)

Further reading

• “granum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “granum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "granum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “granum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette, page 722.

• granum in Georges, Karl Ernst; Georges, Heinrich (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th edition, volume 1, Hahnsche Buchhandlung, column 2962