gravis

See also: Gravis

Catalan

Verb

gravis

1. second-person singular present subjunctive of gravar

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡravɪs]

Noun

gravis m inan

1. grave accent (diacritic mark `)

   Synonym: obrácená čárka

Declension

Declension of gravis (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	gravis	gravisy
genitive	gravisu	gravisů
dative	gravisu	gravisům
accusative	gravis	gravisy
vocative	gravise	gravisy
locative	gravisu	gravisech
instrumental	gravisem	gravisy

Further reading

• “gravis”, in Kartotéka Novočeského lexikálního archivu (in Czech)
• “gravis”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

Esperanto

Verb

gravis

1. past of gravi

Finnish

Etymology

Internationalism (see German Gravis).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡrɑ(ː)ʋis/, [ˈɡrɑ̝(ː)ʋis̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑʋis
• Syllabification^(key): gra‧vis
• Hyphenation^(key): gra‧vis

Noun

gravis

1. grave accent (diacritical mark)

Declension

Inflection of gravis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		gravis	gravikset
genitive		graviksen	gravisten graviksien
partitive		gravista	graviksia
illative		gravikseen	graviksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		gravis	gravikset
accusative	nom.	gravis	gravikset
	gen.	graviksen
genitive		graviksen	gravisten graviksien
partitive		gravista	graviksia
inessive		graviksessa	graviksissa
elative		graviksesta	graviksista
illative		gravikseen	graviksiin
adessive		graviksella	graviksilla
ablative		gravikselta	graviksilta
allative		gravikselle	graviksille
essive		graviksena	graviksina
translative		gravikseksi	graviksiksi
abessive		graviksetta	graviksitta
instructive		—	graviksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of gravis (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative gravikseni gravikseni accusative nom. gravikseni gravikseni gen. gravikseni genitive gravikseni gravisteni graviksieni partitive gravistani graviksiani inessive graviksessani graviksissani elative graviksestani graviksistani illative gravikseeni graviksiini adessive graviksellani graviksillani ablative gravikseltani graviksiltani allative gravikselleni graviksilleni essive graviksenani graviksinani translative graviksekseni graviksikseni abessive graviksettani graviksittani instructive — — comitative — graviksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative graviksesi graviksesi accusative nom. graviksesi graviksesi gen. graviksesi genitive graviksesi gravistesi graviksiesi partitive gravistasi graviksiasi inessive graviksessasi graviksissasi elative graviksestasi graviksistasi illative gravikseesi graviksiisi adessive graviksellasi graviksillasi ablative gravikseltasi graviksiltasi allative graviksellesi graviksillesi essive graviksenasi graviksinasi translative gravikseksesi graviksiksesi abessive graviksettasi graviksittasi instructive — — comitative — graviksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative graviksemme graviksemme accusative nom. graviksemme graviksemme gen. graviksemme genitive graviksemme gravistemme graviksiemme partitive gravistamme graviksiamme inessive graviksessamme graviksissamme elative graviksestamme graviksistamme illative gravikseemme graviksiimme adessive graviksellamme graviksillamme ablative gravikseltamme graviksiltamme allative graviksellemme graviksillemme essive graviksenamme graviksinamme translative gravikseksemme graviksiksemme abessive graviksettamme graviksittamme instructive — — comitative — graviksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative graviksenne graviksenne accusative nom. graviksenne graviksenne gen. graviksenne genitive graviksenne gravistenne graviksienne partitive gravistanne graviksianne inessive graviksessanne graviksissanne elative graviksestanne graviksistanne illative gravikseenne graviksiinne adessive graviksellanne graviksillanne ablative gravikseltanne graviksiltanne allative graviksellenne graviksillenne essive graviksenanne graviksinanne translative gravikseksenne graviksiksenne abessive graviksettanne graviksittanne instructive — — comitative — graviksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative graviksensa graviksensa accusative nom. graviksensa graviksensa gen. graviksensa genitive graviksensa gravistensa graviksiensa partitive gravistaan gravistansa graviksiaan graviksiansa inessive graviksessaan graviksessansa graviksissaan graviksissansa elative graviksestaan graviksestansa graviksistaan graviksistansa illative gravikseensa graviksiinsa adessive graviksellaan graviksellansa graviksillaan graviksillansa ablative gravikseltaan gravikseltansa graviksiltaan graviksiltansa allative gravikselleen graviksellensa graviksilleen graviksillensa essive graviksenaan graviksenansa graviksinaan graviksinansa translative graviksekseen gravikseksensa graviksikseen graviksiksensa abessive graviksettaan graviksettansa graviksittaan graviksittansa instructive — — comitative — graviksineen graviksinensa

Derived terms

compounds

• gravisaksentti

Further reading

• “gravis”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

French

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡʁa.vi/

• Audio (France (Lyon)):

  (file)

Verb

gravis

1. inflection of gravir:
   1. first/second-person singular present indicative
   2. first/second-person singular past historic
   3. second-person singular imperative

Participle

gravis m pl

1. masculine plural of gravi

Anagrams

• givras

Latin

Alternative forms

• grevis

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gʷraus, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷréh₂us, an u-stem adjective regularly enlarged into the i-stem, compare brevis, dulcis, mollis, tenuis, etc. Cognate with Ancient Greek βαρύς (barús), Gothic 𐌺𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌿𐍃 (kaurus, “heavy”), Persian گران (gerân) and Sanskrit गुरु (gurú). See also Latin brūtus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈɡra.wɪs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɡraː.vis]

Adjective

gravis (neuter grave, comparative gravior, superlative gravissimus, adverb graviter); third-declension two-termination adjective

1. heavy

   Antonym: levis

2. pregnant

   Synonym: gravidus

3. troublesome, hard
4. grave, serious
   • 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations Oratio in Catilinam Prima in Senatu Habita.3:

     Habēmus senātus cōnsultum in tē, Catilīna, vehemēns et grave, [...].

     We have a decree of the Senate against you, Catiline, decisive and serious, [...].

5. rank, unpleasant, strong (smell)

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective.

	singular			plural
	masc./fem.	neuter		masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	gravis	grave		gravēs	gravia
genitive	gravis			gravium
dative	gravī			gravibus
accusative	gravem	grave		gravīs gravēs	gravia
ablative	gravī			gravibus
vocative	gravis	grave		gravēs	gravia

Derived terms

• accentus gravis
• cithara gravis
• gravēdō
• gravēscō
• gravidus
• gravis onus
• gravitās
• gravitūdō
• gravō

Descendants

(Note: see also grevis.)

• Italo-Romance:
  • Italian: grave
    • → Danish: grave
  • Sicilian: gravi
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: grave
    • Portuguese: grave
  • Old Spanish: grave
    • Spanish: grave
• Borrowings:
  • → Middle French: grave (learned)
    • French: grave
      • → Romanian: grav
      • → English: grave
      • → Swedish: grav

Further reading

• “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “gravis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “gravis”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • healthy climate: caelum salūbre, salubritas caeli (opp. grave, gravitas)
    
  • to be seriously ill: gravi morbo affectum esse, conflictari, vexari
    
  • to recruit oneself after a severe illness: e gravi morbo recreari or se colligere
    
  • elevated, moderate, plain style: genus dicendi grave or grande, medium, tenue (cf. Or. 5. 20; 6. 21)
    
  • a deep, high, thin, moderate voice: vox gravis, acuta, parva, mediocris
    
  • a man of character, with a strong personality: vir constans, gravis (opp. homo inconstans, levis)
    
  • exorbitant rate of interest: fenus iniquissimum, grande, grave
    
  • an important witness: testis gravis
    
  • to be (seriously, mortally) wounded: vulnus (grave, mortiferum) accipere, excipere
    
  • (ambiguous) cogent, decisive reasons: magnae (graves) necessariae causae
    
  • (ambiguous) men of sound opinions: homines graves (opp. leves)
    
  • (ambiguous) to be (heavily) punished by some one: poenas (graves) dare alicui