gua

See also: Appendix:Variations of "gua"

Translingual

Symbol

gua

1. (international standards) ISO 639-3 language code for Shiki.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Shiki terms

Asturian

Alternative forms

• bua (Upper Meridional)
• guá (non-standard spelling)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣwa/ [ˈɣwa]
• Rhymes: -a
• Syllabification: gua

Noun

gua m (uncountable)

1. (games) marbles (game)
2. (games) hole for marbles

Further reading

• “gua”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1st edition, Academy of the Asturian Language [Asturian: Academia de la Llingua Asturiana], 2000, →ISBN
• García Arias, Xosé Lluis (2002–2004), “gua”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (overall work in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN

Betawi

Alternative forms

• guah (Bekasi)
• guè (Meester)
• guĕ (Tanah Abang)

Etymology

Borrowed from Hokkien 我 (góa, “I, me, my”).

Pronunciation

• (literary) IPA^(key): /ɡu(w)a/

  • Audio:

    (file)

• (Bekasi) IPA^(key): [ɡu(w)ah]
• (Meester) IPA^(key): [ɡu(w)ɛ]

  • Audio:

    (file)

• (Tanah Abang) IPA^(key): [ɡu(w)ɤː]
• Hyphenation: gu‧a

Pronoun

gua

1. I (personal pronoun)
2. me (direct object of a verb)
3. me (object of a preposition)
4. me (indirect object of a verb)
5. my (belonging to me)

Usage notes

Used mainly in a common situation, especially between friends or by someone older in terms of speaking to a younger person. As for the usage by a younger person speaking with an older person, there is no agreement whether it is appropriate to do so or not: some would regard it as inappropriate, some other would not.

Synonyms

• ané
• aya, saya
• kita (euphemistic)

Brunei Malay

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit गुहा (guhā). Cognate with Malay gua (“cave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡua/
• Hyphenation: gu‧a

Noun

gua

1. cave (natural cavity formed underground)

Garo

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Noun

gua

1. (botany) Areca palm, Areca nut

References

• Burling, R. (2003), The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon‎^[1], Bangladesh: University of Michigan

Iban

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit गुहा (guhā). Cognate with Malay gua (“cave”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡua/

Noun

gua

1. cave (natural cavity formed underground)

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian)
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɡua/ [ˈɡu.a] (standard)
    • Rhymes: -a
    • Syllabification: gu‧a
  • IPA^(key): /ˈɡwa/ [ˈɡwa] (colloquial pronoun)

Etymology 1

From Malay gua, from Sanskrit गुहा (guhā, “cave”).

Noun

gua

1. cave

   Synonyms: gaung, gohong, ngalau

Alternative forms

• goa

Etymology 2

From Betawi gua (“I, me, my”), from Hokkien 我 (góa, “I, me, my”). Doublet of gue.

Alternative forms

• gue, gueh
• wa (text messaging)
• gw (text messaging)
• goea (1901–1947)

Pronoun

gua

1. (Jakarta, casual or informal) First-person singular pronoun: I, me, my

Synonyms

Indonesian first-person pronouns:

• aye, ogut, gue, gua (Jakarta)
• aku (informal)
• daku (poetic)
• saya (polite)
• hamba
• kami (euphemism)

Further reading

• “gua”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Hokkien 我 (góa).

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard, Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡua/ [ˈɡwa]
  • Rhymes: -a

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuə/ [ˈɡwə] (rare)
  • Rhymes: -uə, -wə, -ə
• Hyphenation: gua

Pronoun

gua (Jawi spelling ݢوا)

1. (Malaysia, Singapore) I, me, my

See also

• aku
• saya

Malay personal pronouns

	Singular	Plural
1st person	saya1 aku3	kita4 kami2 & 5 kita orang3 & 5
2nd person	awak1 anda2 awda8 (eng)kau3 kamu3	(2nd person) + semua6 kalian2 (eng)kau orang3
3rd person	dia ia beliau7 -nya2	mereka2 dia orang3

¹ Polite.
² Formal.
³ Informal.
⁴ Includes the listener (inclusive).
⁵ Excludes the listener (exclusive).
⁶ Formality depends on the second person pronoun used.
⁷ Honorific.
⁸ Formal (Brunei).

Notes:

• This table mostly only shows personal pronouns that are commonly used in the standard language and within the Klang Valley area.
• The second person pronouns are often replaced by kinship terms, titles, or the like.
• The enclitic -nya is only used obliquely (as an object or possessor).
• The second person pronoun kamu is usually only used when speaking with younger speakers.

See each entry for more information.

Etymology 2

From Sanskrit गुहा (guhā, “cave”).

Pronunciation

• (Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuə/ [ˈɡwə]
  • Rhymes: -uə, -wə, -ə
• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡua/ [ˈɡwa]
  • Rhymes: -a
• Hyphenation: gua

Noun

gua (Jawi spelling ݢوا, plural gua-gua or gua²)

1. cave

Descendants

• > Indonesian: gua (inherited)

Further reading

• "gua" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "gua" at PRPM first version)

Mandarin

Romanization

gua

1. nonstandard spelling of guā
2. nonstandard spelling of guǎ
3. nonstandard spelling of guà

Usage notes

• Transcriptions of Mandarin into the Latin script often do not distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without indication of tone.

West Makian

Etymology

Likely cognate with Tabaru goa and possibly Ternate ugu.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡu.a/

Noun

gua

1. the buttocks

   Synonym: pani

References

• Clemens Voorhoeve (1982), The Makian languages and their neighbours‎^[2], Pacific linguistics