gugur

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay gugur

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡʊr]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -uɡur
• Syllabification: gu‧gur

Verb

gugur

1. to fall
   1. (literal, intransitive) to be moved downwards

      Synonym: jatuh

   2. (literal, transitive) to move downwards
   3. to collapse; to be overthrown or defeated

      Synonyms: kalah, rontok

   4. (euphemistic) to perish, to succumb; to die, especially in battle or by disease

      Synonyms: mati, tewas

2. (somewhat euphemistic) to be born prematurely
3. to be null and void, to fail, to lapse

   Synonym: batal

4. to be eliminated

Derived terms

• berguguran
• digugurkan
• guguran
• keguguran (“miscarriage; to have miscarriage”)
• menggugurkan
• pengguguran (“termination; abortion”)

Related terms

• gugur gunung

Adjective

gugur (not comparable)

1. (military) killed in action

Further reading

• “gugur”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Mon-Khmer *guur (“to fall, be shed”).

Pronunciation

• (schwa-variety) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuɡo(r)/ [ˈɡu.ɡo(r)]
  • Rhymes: -uɡo(r), -ɡo(r), -o(r)

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈɡuɡur/ [ˈɡu.ɡur]
  • Rhymes: -uɡur, -ɡur, -ur
• Hyphenation: gu‧gur

Verb

gugur (Jawi spelling ݢوݢور)

1. to fall (of accidental or involuntary manner - fruits, stars, leaves etc)

   Synonyms: runtuh, rontok

2. to descend
   1. (literal, intransitive) to be moved downwards

      Synonyms: turun, jatuh

   2. (literal, transitive) to move downwards
3. to collapse

   Synonyms: runtuh, rontok

4. to be overthrown or defeated

   Synonym: dikalahkan

5. to die, especially in battle or by disease

   Synonyms: mati, terkorban

6. to be born prematurely
7. to be null and void, to fail, to lapse

   Synonym: batal

8. to be eliminated

   Synonym: disingkirkan

Derived terms

Affixations

• berguguran
• digugurkan
• guguran
• keguguran (“miscarriage; to have miscarriage”)
• menggugurkan
• pengguguran (“termination; abortion”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: gugur (inherited)

References

• Pijnappel, Jan (1875), “ݢوݢر goegoer”, in Maleisch-Hollandsch woordenboek, John Enschede en Zonen, Frederik Muller, pages 108-9
• Wilkinson, R. J. (1901-1903), “ݢوݢر gugor”, in A Malay-English dictionary, Singapore; Hong Kong; Shanghai; Yokohama: Kelly & Walsh Ltd., page 582
• Wilkinson, Richard James (1932), “gugur”, in A Malay-English dictionary (romanised), volume I, Mytilene, Greece: Salavopoulos & Kinderlis, pages 377-8

Further reading

• "gugur" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "gugur" at PRPM first version)