gulma

Indonesian

Etymology

Borrowed from Javanese gulma, from Old Javanese gulma, from Sanskrit गुल्म (gulma, “bush; cluster; battalion”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈɡulma/ [ˈɡul.ma]
• Rhymes: -ulma
• Syllabification: gul‧ma

Noun

gulma (plural gulma-gulma)

1. weed: any plant regarded as unwanted at the place where, and at the time when it is growing

   Synonym: rumpai (Malay)

Derived terms

Compounds

• gulma air
• gulma air asin
• gulma air tawar
• gulma berkayu
• gulma darat
• gulma invasif
• gulma semusim
• gulma siam

Descendants

• → Malay: gulma

Further reading

• “gulma”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Old Javanese gulma (“trees clump, thicket, bush, shrub; troop (army), division (army)”), from Sanskrit गुल्म (gulma, “bush; cluster; battalion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡulmɔ/
• Rhymes: -mɔ, -ɔ
• Hyphenation: gul‧ma

Noun

gulma

1. (archaic) bush, shrub

Numeral

gulma

1. billion (10⁹)

Descendants

• → Indonesian: gulma

Further reading

• “gulma”, in Javanese-Indonesian Dictionary [Kamus Bahasa Jawa-Indonesia] (in Indonesian), Yogyakarta, Indonesia: The Linguistic Center of Yogyakarta Special [Balai Bahasa Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta], 2023.

Old Javanese

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit गुल्म (gulma, “bush; cluster; battalion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡulma/
• Rhymes: -ma, -a
• Hyphenation: gul‧ma

Noun

gulma

1. trees clump, thicket, bush, shrub
2. (military) troop
3. (military) division

Descendants

• > Javanese: gulma (inherited)
  • → Indonesian: gulma

Further reading

• "gulma" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.