gwern

Breton

Gwern. (1.1.)

Etymology 1

From Middle Breton guern, from Old Breton guern, guaern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā. Cognates include Welsh gwern.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡɥɛrn/
• Rhymes: -ɛrn
• Hyphenation: gwern

Noun

gwern m (collective, plural gwernioù, singulative gwernenn)

1. (botany) alders

Mutation

Mutation of gwern

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	gwern	c'hwern	unchanged	kwern
plural	gwernioù	c'hwernioù	unchanged	kwernioù

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernioù)

1. swamp, marsh

Mutation

Mutation of gwern

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	gwern	c'hwern	unchanged	kwern
plural	gwernioù	c'hwernioù	unchanged	kwernioù

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

Gwern. (2)

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡwɛrn/
• Rhymes: -ɛrn
• Hyphenation: gwern

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernioù)

1. (nautical) mast

Mutation

Mutation of gwern

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	gwern	c'hwern	unchanged	kwern
plural	gwernioù	c'hwernioù	unchanged	kwernioù

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• Martial Menard, editor (2016–present), “gwern”, in Devri: Le dictionnaire diachronique du breton‎^[1] (in French), Rennes 2 University
• Cornillet, Gérard (2017), “gwern”, in Geriadur galleg brezhoneg, dictionnaire français breton‎^[2] (in French), page 580

Cornish

Etymology

From Old Cornish guern, from Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Gaulish uerna, Old Irish fern and French vergne).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern (collective, singulative gwernen f)

1. alder
2. swamp, marsh, marshland

Noun

gwern f (plural gwernow)

1. mast

Mutation

Mutation of gwern

radical	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
gwern	wern	unchanged	kwern	hwern, wern*

* after 'th
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• “gwern” in Cornish Dictionary / Gerlyver Kernewek, Akademi Kernewek.

Welsh

Etymology

From Proto-Brythonic *gwern, from Proto-Celtic *wernā (compare Old Irish fern). Cognate with Old Armenian գերան (geran) and Albanian verr (“alder”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ɡwɛrn/

Noun

gwern pl (plural, singulative gwernen f (“a single alder tree or mast”), plural gwerni (“marshes, swamps, alder groves”) or gwernydd (“marshes, swamps, alder groves”) or gwernau (“marshes, swamps, alder groves”) (uncommon) or gwernenni (“several alder trees, masts or wooden poles”) or gwernennau (“several alder trees, masts or wooden poles”))

1. alders (Alnus)
   1. masts of ships

      Synonym: hwylbrenni

   2. (alder) sticks, staves, shafts of lances
2. alder carr, alder grove, alder marsh, swamp

   Synonym: gwernllwyn

   1. (sometimes figuratively) hell

Derived terms

• boda gwerni (“marsh harrier”)
• boled gwern (“alder bolete”)
• bras gwerni (“swamp sparrow”)
• cap gwernydd (“alder cap”)
• cap llaeth gwernydd (“alder milkcap”)
• cwpan gwern (“alder goblet”)
• gwern fawr (“mainmasts”)
• gwern flaen (“foremasts”)
• gwern gwerdd (“green alders”)
• gwern ôl (“mizzenmasts”)
• gwernllwyn (“alder grove”)
• gwernog (“abounding in alders”)
• gwernos (“ alder grove”)
• gwybedog y gwern (“alder flycatcher”)
• telor y gwerni (“marsh warbler”)
• titw'r wern (“marsh tit”)
• twrci'r gwern (“great bustard”)
• ysgwydd y gwern (“alder bracket”)

Adjective

gwern (feminine singular gwern, plural gwern, not comparable)

1. made of alder, aldern

Mutation

Mutated forms of gwern

radical	soft	nasal	aspirate
gwern	wern	ngwern	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

References

• R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke, et al., editors (1950–present), “gwern”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies