hajol
Hungarian[edit]
Etymology[edit]
First attested in 1372. From the same Proto-Ugric root as hajt (“to bend”) + -ol (frequentative suffix).[1]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
hajol
- (intransitive) to bend, lean (usually of a person, out of his or her own will)
Usage notes[edit]
This verb is a member of one of those (few) quasi-homonymous verb pairs that exist both with and without an -ik ending. All (intransitive) suffixed forms of these pairs are identical (sometimes they can even have derived forms that coincide), with the exception of their dictionary form (the third-person singular indicative present, with or without -ik). However, the meaning of these pairs is usually distinct, sometimes unrelated. Examples include (fel)áldoz–(le)áldozik, bán–bánik, (meg)bíz–(meg)bízik, ér–érik, esz (rare)–eszik, hajol–hajlik, (felül)múl–(el)múlik, (hozzá)nyúl–nyúlik, (el)vesz–(el)veszik~(el)vész, and tör–törik (along with their verbal prefixes), hall–hallik (archaic), érez–érzik (archaic), sometimes with some difference: (el)hibáz–hibádzik, (le)torkol–torkollik. Therefore one may well need to check the context and the arguments to ascertain which member of the verb pair is relevant.
Conjugation[edit]
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolok | hajolsz | hajol | hajolunk | hajoltok | hajolnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajoltam | hajoltál | hajolt | hajoltunk | hajoltatok | hajoltak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Future | Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. hajolni fog. | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajolék | hajolál | hajola | hajolánk | hajolátok | hajolának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. hajol vala, hajolt vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajolandok | hajolandasz | hajoland | hajolandunk | hajolandotok | hajolandanak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolnék | hajolnál | hajolna | hajolnánk | hajolnátok | hajolnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolt volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajoljak | hajolj or hajoljál |
hajoljon | hajoljunk | hajoljatok | hajoljanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolt légyen | ||||||||
| Infinitive | hajolni | hajolnom | hajolnod | hajolnia | hajolnunk | hajolnotok | hajolniuk | ||
| Other forms |
Verbal noun | Present part. | Past part. | Future part. | Adverbial participle | Causative | |||
| hajolás | hajoló | hajolt | ― | hajolva (hajolván) | hajoltat | ||||
| Click for archaic forms | 1st person sg | 2nd person sg informal |
3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal |
1st person pl | 2nd person pl informal |
3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Indicative mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatok | hajolhatsz | hajolhat | hajolhatunk | hajolhattok | hajolhatnak | |
| Def. | intransitive verb, definite forms are not used | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indef. | hajolhattam | hajolhattál | hajolhatott | hajolhattunk | hajolhattatok | hajolhattak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Preterit |
Indef. | hajolhaték | hajolhatál | hajolhata | hajolhatánk | hajolhatátok | hajolhatának | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Archaic Past | Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. hajolhat vala, hajolhatott vala/volt. | ||||||||
| Archaic Future |
Indef. | hajolhatandok or hajolandhatok |
hajolhatandasz or hajolandhatsz |
hajolhatand or hajolandhat |
hajolhatandunk or hajolandhatunk |
hajolhatandotok or hajolandhattok |
hajolhatandanak or hajolandhatnak | ||
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Conditional mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhatnék | hajolhatnál | hajolhatna | hajolhatnánk | hajolhatnátok | hajolhatnának | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| Past | Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. hajolhatott volna | ||||||||
| Subjunctive mood |
Present | Indef. | hajolhassak | hajolhass or hajolhassál |
hajolhasson | hajolhassunk | hajolhassatok | hajolhassanak | |
| Def. | ― | ||||||||
| 2nd-p. o. | ― | ||||||||
| (Archaic) Past | Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. hajolhatott légyen | ||||||||
| Inf. | (hajolhatni) | (hajolhatnom) | (hajolhatnod) | (hajolhatnia) | (hajolhatnunk) | (hajolhatnotok) | (hajolhatniuk) | ||
| Positive adjective | ― | Neg. adj. | ― | Adv. part. | (hajolhatva / hajolhatván) | ||||
Derived terms[edit]
(With verbal prefixes):
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- ^ hajol in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
Further reading[edit]
- hajol in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN