hordeum

See also: Hordeum

Latin

Alternative forms

• ordeum

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *horzdeom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰr̥sdeyom (“bristly”) after the long prickly awns of the ear of grain.

Cognate to Old High German gersta (“barley”), German Gerste (“barley”), English gorse. Possibly cognate to Ancient Greek κριθή (krithḗ) (see there for more). Related to Latin horreo (“to bristle”), hirsutus (“hairy”), and ericius (“urchin”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈhɔr.de.ũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈɔr.de.um]

Noun

hordeum n (genitive hordeī); second declension

1. barley

Usage notes

Classical writers used plural forms, but critics such as Bavius claimed that it should be used only in the singular.

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	hordeum	hordea
genitive	hordeī	hordeōrum
dative	hordeō	hordeīs
accusative	hordeum	hordea
ablative	hordeō	hordeīs
vocative	hordeum	hordea

Derived terms

• hordeāceus
• hordeārius
• *hordeāta
• hordeātus
• hordeolus
• hordior

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: ordzu
  • Megleno-Romanian: u̯orz, u̯orḑ
  • Romanian: orz
• Aragonese: hordio
• Catalan: ordi, orxata
• Champenois: orge (Troyen), orde (Rémois)
• Dalmatian: vuarz
• Franc-Comtois: oûerdge
• Dutch: orgeade
• English: orgeat, horchata
• Franco-Provençal: horgeo, horgeat
• French: orge, orgeat
• Friulian: vuardi
• Italian: orzo, orzata
• Occitan: òrdi, ordiat
• Asturian: orgu
• Old Galician-Portuguese: orjo
  • Galician: orxo
• Romansh: ierdi, üerdi
• Sardinian: ogliu, olzu, orgiu, orju, orzu
• Sicilian: oriu (from an earlier “òrjiu”)
• → Spanish: hordio, horchata
• Translingual: Hordeum

References

• “hordeum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “hordeum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “hordeum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.