indulgeo

Latin

Etymology

From in- and an unattested verb *dulgeō, from Proto-Italic *dolɣēō, from Proto-Indo-European *delgʰ- (“to become fixed”); cognate with Welsh dala (“to catch”), Gothic 𐍄𐌿𐌻𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (tulgjan, “to reinforce”), and perhaps Sanskrit दृह् (dṛh, “to make firm”).

The initial in- may be, instead of the above, derived from a negated form of an unattested adjectival Proto-Indo-European *n-dlgʰ-ro- (“not hard”), thus giving indulgeō an original meaning of "to not be hard toward" > "to be lenient toward" > "to indulge". This is semantically smoother than if the "in-" were to mean "in".

Possibly related to longus, Ancient Greek ἐνδελεχής (endelekhḗs, “continuous”), thus originally with the meaning of "being persistent, patient".

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /inˈdul.ɡe.oː/, [ɪn̪ˈd̪ʊɫ̪ɡeoː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /inˈdul.d͡ʒe.o/, [in̪ˈd̪ul̠ʲd͡ʒeo]

Verb

indulgeō (present infinitive indulgēre, perfect active indulsī, supine indultum); second conjugation

1. (intransitive) to be kind or courteous (to); to be inclined (to); give free rein (to)
2. (intransitive, transitive) to give oneself up (to); to be addicted (to), indulge (in) (takes a dative object)
3. (transitive) to concede, allow, grant, permit, bestow
4. to favor

Conjugation

Conjugation of indulgeō (second conjugation)
indicative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	indulgeō	indulgēs	indulget	indulgēmus	indulgētis	indulgent
	imperfect	indulgēbam	indulgēbās	indulgēbat	indulgēbāmus	indulgēbātis	indulgēbant
	future	indulgēbō	indulgēbis	indulgēbit	indulgēbimus	indulgēbitis	indulgēbunt
	perfect	indulsī	indulsistī	indulsit	indulsimus	indulsistis	indulsērunt, indulsēre
	pluperfect	indulseram	indulserās	indulserat	indulserāmus	indulserātis	indulserant
	future perfect	indulserō	indulseris	indulserit	indulserimus	indulseritis	indulserint
passive	present	indulgeor	indulgēris, indulgēre	indulgētur	indulgēmur	indulgēminī	indulgentur
	imperfect	indulgēbar	indulgēbāris, indulgēbāre	indulgēbātur	indulgēbāmur	indulgēbāminī	indulgēbantur
	future	indulgēbor	indulgēberis, indulgēbere	indulgēbitur	indulgēbimur	indulgēbiminī	indulgēbuntur
	perfect	indultus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	indultus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	indultus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	indulgeam	indulgeās	indulgeat	indulgeāmus	indulgeātis	indulgeant
	imperfect	indulgērem	indulgērēs	indulgēret	indulgērēmus	indulgērētis	indulgērent
	perfect	indulserim	indulserīs	indulserit	indulserīmus	indulserītis	indulserint
	pluperfect	indulsissem	indulsissēs	indulsisset	indulsissēmus	indulsissētis	indulsissent
passive	present	indulgear	indulgeāris, indulgeāre	indulgeātur	indulgeāmur	indulgeāminī	indulgeantur
	imperfect	indulgērer	indulgērēris, indulgērēre	indulgērētur	indulgērēmur	indulgērēminī	indulgērentur
	perfect	indultus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	indultus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	indulgē	—	—	indulgēte	—
	future	—	indulgētō	indulgētō	—	indulgētōte	indulgentō
passive	present	—	indulgēre	—	—	indulgēminī	—
	future	—	indulgētor	indulgētor	—	—	indulgentor
non-finite forms		active			passive
		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		indulgēre	indulsisse	indultūrum esse	indulgērī	indultum esse	indultum īrī
participles		indulgēns	—	indultūrus	—	indultus	indulgendus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		indulgendī	indulgendō	indulgendum	indulgendō	indultum	indultū

Derived terms

• indulgēns
• indulgenter
• indulgentia
• indulgitās
• indultor
• indultus

Descendants

• → Albanian: ndëjej
• → English: indulge
• Italian: indulgere

References

• “indulgeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “indulgeo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• indulgeo in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to indulge oneself: animo or simply sibi indulgere
    
  • to give way to grief: dolori indulgere
    
  • to be indulgent to a person's faults: indulgere vitiis alicuius
    
  • to give free play to one's anger: irae indulgere (Liv. 23. 3)
    
  • to indulge one's caprice: sibi or ingenio suo indulgere (Nep. Chabr. 3)
    
  • to be given to drink: vino deditum esse, indulgere
    
• indulgeo in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[2], pre-publication website, 2005-2016
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 1, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 96