inferus
Appearance
Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *enðeros, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁n̥dʰér-o-s, from *h₁n̥dʰér. Cognate with English under, Sanskrit अधर (ádhara). *ð > f is irregular in word-internal position (**inderus would be expected; compare fundus) and is explained either as (Faliscan) dialectal influence or by assuming metanalysis as a compound with in.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈin.fe.rus/, [ˈĩːfɛrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈin.fe.rus/, [ˈiɱferus]
Adjective
[edit]īnferus (feminine īnfera, neuter īnferum, comparative īnferior, superlative īnfimus or īmus); first/second-declension adjective
- low
- (in the masculine plural) the souls of the dead
- (in the neuter plural) the netherworld, the underworld, Hell
Declension
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
singular | plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | ||
nominative | īnferus | īnfera | īnferum | īnferī | īnferae | īnfera | |
genitive | īnferī | īnferae | īnferī | īnferōrum | īnferārum | īnferōrum | |
dative | īnferō | īnferae | īnferō | īnferīs | |||
accusative | īnferum | īnferam | īnferum | īnferōs | īnferās | īnfera | |
ablative | īnferō | īnferā | īnferō | īnferīs | |||
vocative | īnfere | īnfera | īnferum | īnferī | īnferae | īnfera |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- Italian: infero
References
[edit]- “inferus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “inferus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- inferus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) the gods of the upper, lower world: superi; inferi
- (ambiguous) the world below: inferi (Orcus and Tartarus only poetical)
- (ambiguous) to descend to the world below: ad inferos descendere
- (ambiguous) to be in the lower world: apud inferos esse
- (ambiguous) to summon some one from the dead: aliquem ab inferis or a mortuis evocare, excitare (passive ab inferis exsistere)
- (ambiguous) the gods of the upper, lower world: superi; inferi
Categories:
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 3-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin adjectives
- Latin first and second declension adjectives
- Latin words in Meissner and Auden's phrasebook