kas

See also: Appendix:Variations of "kas"

Languages (34)

Translingual • English

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Afar • Afrikaans • Breton • Cebuano • Cornish • Czech • Dutch • Estonian • Finnish • French • Gothic • Hungarian • Iberian • Indonesian • Ingrian • Javanese • Latgalian • Latvian • Lithuanian • Livonian • Mauritian Creole • Mòcheno • Mokilese • Old Javanese • Old Prussian • Papiamentu • Polish • Serbo-Croatian • Spanish • Swedish • Ternate • Turkish

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Page categories

Translingual

Etymology

Clipping of English Kashmiri, from Hindustani कश्मीर / کشمیر (kaśmīr, “Kashmir”), from Sanskrit कश्मीर (kaśmīra).

Symbol

kas

1. (international standards) ISO 639-2 & ISO 639-3 language code for Kashmiri.

See also

• Wiktionary’s coverage of Kashmiri terms

English

Etymology 1

Alternative forms

• kaas

Noun

kas (plural kases)

1. A kind of large cupboard or wardrobe of Dutch origin, popular in the Netherlands and America in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Etymology 2

Noun

kas

1. plural of ka

Anagrams

• AKs, ASK, Ask, KSA, SAK, SKA, aks, ask, ska

Afar

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkas/ [ˈkʌs]
• Hyphenation: kas

Noun

kás m 

1. advise
2. mind
3. wisdom
4. intelligence

Declension

Declension of kás
absolutive	kás
predicative	kása
subjective	kás
genitive	kastí
Postpositioned forms l-case kásal k-case kásak t-case kásat h-case kásah

References

• E. M. Parker; R. J. Hayward (1985), “kas”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
• Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2015), L’afar: description grammaticale d’une langue couchitique (Djibouti, Erythrée et Ethiopie)‎^[1], Paris: Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (doctoral thesis)

Afrikaans

Etymology

From Dutch kast.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kas/

Noun

kas (plural kaste)

1. A cupboard.

Breton

Etymology 1

From Middle Breton cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas, from Proto-Celtic *kassis.

Noun

kas m

1. hatred

Mutation

Mutation of kas

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
kas	gas	c'has	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Breton.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

kas

1. to send

Mutation

Mutation of kas

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed
kas	gas	c'has	unchanged	unchanged

Cebuano

Etymology

Shortening of kalas.

Verb

kas

1. to squander

Adjective

kas

1. wasteful

Cornish

Etymology 1

From Middle Cornish cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kad, from Proto-Celtic *katus, Proto-Indo-European *kéh₃tus. Cognate with Breton kad, Irish and Scottish Gaelic cath, Manx cah, and Welsh cad.

Noun

kas f (plural kasow)

1. battle, war, armed conflict

Derived terms

• kaskyrgh (“military expedition, campaign”)
• kaskyrgher, kaskyrghores (“campaigner”)
• kaskyrghes (“campaign”, verb)
• kasor, kasores (“fighter”)
• kasorek (“militant”)
• kasvargh (“warhorse”)
• kasworhel (“warship”)

Etymology 2

From Middle Cornish cas, from Proto-Brythonic *kas, from Proto-Celtic *kassis, from Proto-Indo-European *kéh₂dtis. Doublet of keudh (“grief”). Cognate with Breton kas and Welsh cas.

Noun

kas m

1. hate, hatred, dislike

Derived terms

• kas a gethreydh (“homophobia”)
• kas a venynreydh (“misogyny”)
• kasa (“hate, dislike”, verb)
• kasadewder (“hatefulness”)
• kasadow (“hateful”)
• kasegor (“-phobe”)

Verb

kas

1. inflection of kasa (“to hate”):
   1. third-person singular present indicative/future indicative
   2. second-person singular imperative

Etymology 3

Borrowed from English case.

Noun

kas m (plural kasys)

1. case, instance, circumstance

Derived terms

• studhyans kas (“case study”)
• y'n gwella kas (“ideally”)
• y'n kas (“under the circumstances”)
• y'n kas arbennik ma (“in this particular case”)
• yn neb kas (“anyhow, anyway”)

Mutation

Mutation of kas

unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard	mixed	mixed after 'th
kas	gas	has	unchanged	unchanged	unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Cornish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Homophone: kaz

Noun

kas f

1. genitive plural of kasa

Dutch

Etymology

From Middle Dutch casse, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa, from Latin capsa. Doublet of cash.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kɑs/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Hyphenation: kas
• Rhymes: -ɑs

Noun

kas f (plural kassen, diminutive kasje n)

1. (Netherlands) a greenhouse

   Synonyms: broeikas, kweekhuis, serre (Belgium)

2. a public or private entity, mainly concerned with managing funds for a certain purpose, after which it is often named
3. a counter, room etc. where cash payments are made and/or received
4. a protective casing
5. (dated) cash

   geld in kas - cash in hand

6. archaic form of kassa

Derived terms

• borstkas
• broeikas
• hulpkas
• kastekort
• krap bij kas
• ziekenkas

Descendants

• Negerhollands: kas
• → Indonesian: kas
• → Caribbean Javanese: kas
• → Sranan Tongo: kasi
  • → Caribbean Javanese: kasi, kas

Estonian

Etymology

Derived from kaasas.

Particle

kas

1. Used to introduce a yes-or-no question.

   Kas ta on saabunud?

   Has (s)he arrived?

See also

• kas või, kasvõi

Finnish

Alternative forms

• kah, ka (dialectal)

Etymology

From the imperative katso! (“look!”), from katsoa (“to look”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑs/, [ˈkɑ̝s̠]
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Syllabification^(key): kas
• Hyphenation^(key): kas

Interjection

kas

1. look!, oh!, my!, behold! (used as expression of surprise, often accompanied with -pa -suffix in the verb used to explain the reason for astonishment)

   Kas, onpa sinulla suuret hampaat!

   My, what big teeth you have!

   Kas vain, onpa poika kasvanut!

   Look at that, how the boy has grown up!

2. look (used to start an explanation)

   Kas, asia on niin, että...

   Look, the thing is that...

Usage notes

The use of kas is getting out of fashion as opening of an explanation and it is largely replaced in speech by kato.

Derived terms

• kas kummaa
• kas niin
• kas vain
• kas tässä

Further reading

• “kas”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2 July 2023

Anagrams

• -ska, SAK

French

Noun

kas m

1. plural of ka

Gothic

Romanization

kas

1. romanization of 𐌺𐌰𐍃

Hungarian

Etymology

From a Slavic language. Compare Czech koš.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkɒʃ]
• Hyphenation: kas
• Rhymes: -ɒʃ

Noun

kas (plural kasok)

1. A skep (a beehive made of straw or wicker)
2. (dialectal) A basket (a tub-shaped larger container made of straw or wicker)
3. (mining) A cage (a lift in the mine shaft, used for hoisting personnel and materials).

Declension

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)

	singular	plural
nominative	kas	kasok
accusative	kast	kasokat
dative	kasnak	kasoknak
instrumental	kassal	kasokkal
causal-final	kasért	kasokért
translative	kassá	kasokká
terminative	kasig	kasokig
essive-formal	kasként	kasokként
essive-modal	kasul	—
inessive	kasban	kasokban
superessive	kason	kasokon
adessive	kasnál	kasoknál
illative	kasba	kasokba
sublative	kasra	kasokra
allative	kashoz	kasokhoz
elative	kasból	kasokból
delative	kasról	kasokról
ablative	kastól	kasoktól
non-attributive possessive – singular	kasé	kasoké
non-attributive possessive – plural	kaséi	kasokéi

Possessive forms of kas

possessor	single possession	multiple possessions
1st person sing.	kasom	kasaim
2nd person sing.	kasod	kasaid
3rd person sing.	kasa	kasai
1st person plural	kasunk	kasaink
2nd person plural	kasotok	kasaitok
3rd person plural	kasuk	kasaik

Derived terms

Compound words

• keresztül-kasul
• mellkas
• méhkas
• szállítókas

Further reading

• kas in Géza Bárczi, László Országh, et al., editors, A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára [The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language] (ÉrtSz.), Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN.

Iberian

Etymology

Potentially connected to Basque ikasi (“to learn, to study”).

Noun

kas

1. knowledge
2. experience

   kas e ebeŕ e ik e

   resulting from their own experience

References

• Villamor, Fernando (2020) A basic dictionary and grammar of the Iberian language

Indonesian

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈkas/ [ˈkas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: kas

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Dutch kas, from Old French casse, from Italian cassa, from Old Italian cassa, from Latin capsa (“box, case”), from capiō (“I take, I seize, I receive”), from Proto-Indo-European *keh₂p- (“to grasp”).

Noun

kas (plural kas-kas)

1. cash:
   1. money in the form of notes/bills and coins, as opposed to cheques/checks or electronic transactions

      Synonyms: tunai, kes

   2. (accounting) liquid assets, money that can be traded quickly, as distinct from assets that are invested and cannot be easily exchanged

      Synonym: tunai (Standard Malay)

Alternative forms

• kes (colloquial)

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Dutch kast (“cupboard, closet, wardrobe”).

Noun

kas (plural kas-kas)

1. a box
   1. a cashbox
   2. a watch-box

Related terms

• kulkas

Descendants

• → Ternate: kas (“cupboard”)

Further reading

• “kas”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Ingrian

Etymology

From the imperative katso! (“look!”). Akin to Finnish kas.

Pronunciation

• (Ala-Laukaa) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑs/, [ˈkɑz̠]
• (Soikkola) IPA^(key): /ˈkɑs/, [ˈkɑʒ̥]
• Rhymes: -ɑs
• Hyphenation: kas

Interjection

kas

1. look! behold!

References

• Ruben E. Nirvi (1971), Inkeroismurteiden Sanakirja, Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, page 140

Javanese

Romanization

kas

1. romanization of ꦏꦱ꧀

Latgalian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas. Cognates include Latvian kas and Lithuanian kas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkas]
• Hyphenation: kas

Pronoun

kas

1. who? what?
2. who, what, that

Declension

Declension of kas

	singular	plural
nominative	kas	kas
genitive	kuo	kuo
dative	kam	kam
accusative	kū	kū
locative	kimā	kimūs (m), kamuos (f)

References

• Nicole Nau (2011), A short grammar of Latgalian, München: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 38

Latvian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas.

Pronoun

kas (interrogative)

1. who, what

   kas ir šis cilvēks? ― who is this person?

   kas tā par grāmatu? ― what kind of book is it?

kas (relative)

1. that
2. which
3. who

kas (indefinite)

1. something

   Synonym: kaut kas

   kad gribas ko īpašu ― when you want something special

Declension

nominative	kas
genitive	kā
dative	kam
accusative	ko
instrumental	—
locative	—

Antonyms

• nekas

Lithuanian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos.

Pronoun

kàs

1. who

   Kàs yrà tàs žmogùs? ― Who is that person?

2. what

   Kàs Lietuvõs sóstinė? ― What is Lithuania's capital?

3. every

   Synonym: kiekvienas

   • 1922, Šatrijos Ragana (Marija Pečkauskaitė), Sename dvare:

     Iš pradžių, mamai mirus, sapnuodavau ją kas naktį, o dabar tik prieš kokį nors sielvartą, rūpestį, nelaimę.

     At first, when my mother died, I used to dream of her every night, but now I only dream of her when there is some grief, worry or disaster.

4. used for emphasis

   Synonyms: koks, kaip

   Kàs tõ vai̇̃ko gabùmas! ― What talent this boy has!

Declension

Declension of kàs

nominative	kàs
genitive	kõ, kienõ
dative	kám
accusative	ką̃
instrumental	kuõ
locative	kamè
vocative	–

Derived terms

• kasdien
• kasmet

References

• “kas”, in Lietuvių kalbos žodynas [Dictionary of the Lithuanian language], lkz.lt, 1941–2025

Livonian

Etymology

Probably borrowed from Estonian kas.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkɑs/, [ˈkɑsː]

Adverb

kas

1. Marks polar (yes-no) questions.

   Synonym: või

Usage notes

Used as the first word in a sentence or (for indirect questions) clause.

References

• Tiit-Rein Viitso; Valts Ernštreits (2012–2013), “kas”, in Līvõkīel-ēstikīel-lețkīel sõnārōntõz [Livonian-Estonian-Latvian Dictionary]‎^[3] (in Estonian and Latvian), Tartu, Rīga: Tartu Ülikool, Latviešu valodas aģentūra

Mauritian Creole

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kas/, /kaʃ/

Etymology 1

From English cash.

Noun

kas

1. money

   Synonyms: larzan, paisa

2. cash

Etymology 2

From French casser, casse.

Verb

kas

1. Medial form of kase

Mòcheno

Etymology

From Middle High German kæse, from Old High German chāsi, kāsi, from Proto-West Germanic *kāsī, from Latin cāseus (“cheese”). Cognate with German Käse, English cheese.

Noun

kas m

1. cheese

References

• Patuzzi, Umberto, ed., (2013) Luserna / Lusérn: Le nostre parole / Ünsarne börtar / Unsere Wörter [Our Words], Luserna, Italy: Comitato unitario delle isole linguistiche storiche germaniche in Italia / Einheitskomitee der historischen deutschen Sprachinseln in Italien

Mokilese

Noun

kas (indefinite kasmen)

1. cat

Old Javanese

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *kəʀas (“hard”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kas/
• Rhymes: -kas

Noun

kas

1. hardness
2. inflexibility

Alternative forms

• akas
• kas-kas

Derived terms

• akas
• amarikas
• kas-kas
• kinasan
• makas
• makas-kas
• parikas

Descendants

• >? Javanese: ꦏꦱ꧀ (kas)

Further reading

• "kas" in P.J. Zoetmulder with the collaboration of S.O. Robson, Old Javanese-English Dictionary. 's-Gravenhage: M. Nijhoff, 1982.

Old Prussian

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *kas, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷos.

Pronoun

kas

1. who (interrogative)

Declension

	Singular			Plural
	m	f	n
Nom.	kas	quai, quoi	ka, kai	quai, quoi
Acc.			kan, ka, kai	kans
Dat.	kasmu		kasmu
Gen.
Inst.			ku

Papiamentu

Etymology

From Portuguese casa and Spanish casa and Kabuverdianu kása.

Noun

kas

1. A house
2. A home.

Polish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkas/
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: kas

Noun

kas

1. genitive plural of kasa

Serbo-Croatian

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *kasъ.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kâːs/

Noun

kȃs m inan (Cyrillic spelling ка̑с)

1. A trot (gait of a horse).

Declension

Declension of kas

	singular
nominative	kas
genitive	kasa
dative	kasu
accusative	kas
vocative	kasu
locative	kasu
instrumental	kasom

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈkas/ [ˈkas]
• Rhymes: -as
• Syllabification: kas

Noun

kas

1. plural of ka

Swedish

Noun

kas c

1. alternative form of kase

Declension

Declension of kas

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	kas	kas
	definite	kasen	kasens
plural	indefinite	kasar	kasars
	definite	kasarna	kasarnas

References

• kas in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• kas in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• kas in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)

Ternate

Kas.

Etymology

From Indonesian kas (“box”), from Dutch kast (“cupboard”), from Middle Dutch caste (“chest”), from Old Dutch *kasto, from Frankish *kastō.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈkas]

Noun

kas

1. A cupboard.

References

• Rika Hayami-Allen (2001), A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia, University of Pittsburgh, page 29

Turkish

Etymology

From kasmak (“to tighten, stretch”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [kɑs]

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

kas

1. A muscle.

   Synonym: adale

Declension

Declension of kas

singular plural nominative kas kaslar definite accusative kası kasları dative kasa kaslara locative kasta kaslarda ablative kastan kaslardan genitive kasın kasların Possessive forms nominative singular plural 1st singular kasım kaslarım 2nd singular kasın kasların 3rd singular kası kasları 1st plural kasımız kaslarımız 2nd plural kasınız kaslarınız 3rd plural kasları kasları definite accusative singular plural 1st singular kasımı kaslarımı 2nd singular kasını kaslarını 3rd singular kasını kaslarını 1st plural kasımızı kaslarımızı 2nd plural kasınızı kaslarınızı 3rd plural kaslarını kaslarını dative singular plural 1st singular kasıma kaslarıma 2nd singular kasına kaslarına 3rd singular kasına kaslarına 1st plural kasımıza kaslarımıza 2nd plural kasınıza kaslarınıza 3rd plural kaslarına kaslarına locative singular plural 1st singular kasımda kaslarımda 2nd singular kasında kaslarında 3rd singular kasında kaslarında 1st plural kasımızda kaslarımızda 2nd plural kasınızda kaslarınızda 3rd plural kaslarında kaslarında ablative singular plural 1st singular kasımdan kaslarımdan 2nd singular kasından kaslarından 3rd singular kasından kaslarından 1st plural kasımızdan kaslarımızdan 2nd plural kasınızdan kaslarınızdan 3rd plural kaslarından kaslarından genitive singular plural 1st singular kasımın kaslarımın 2nd singular kasının kaslarının 3rd singular kasının kaslarının 1st plural kasımızın kaslarımızın 2nd plural kasınızın kaslarınızın 3rd plural kaslarının kaslarının

Derived terms

• kaslı
• kaslılık
• kassız
• kassızlık