khinga

Zulu

Verb

-khínga

1. (transitive) to bind tightly, to tie up firmly
2. (transitive) to complicate, to make complicated, to tangle
3. (transitive) to ward off, to hinder

Inflection

Tone H
Infinitive	ukukhinga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukukhinga	ukungakhingi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	khinga	-khinge
Plural	khingani	-khingeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyakhinga, ngikhinga	engikhingayo, engikhinga	ngikhinga	angikhingi	engingakhingi	ngingakhingi
2nd singular	uyakhinga, ukhinga	okhingayo, okhinga	ukhinga	awukhingi	ongakhingi	ungakhingi
1st plural	siyakhinga, sikhinga	esikhingayo, esikhinga	sikhinga	asikhingi	esingakhingi	singakhingi
2nd plural	niyakhinga, nikhinga	enikhingayo, enikhinga	nikhinga	anikhingi	eningakhingi	ningakhingi
Class 1	uyakhinga, ukhinga	okhingayo, okhinga	ekhinga	akakhingi	ongakhingi	engakhingi
Class 2	bayakhinga, bakhinga	abakhingayo, abakhinga	bekhinga	abakhingi	abangakhingi	bengakhingi
Class 3	uyakhinga, ukhinga	okhingayo, okhinga	ukhinga	awukhingi	ongakhingi	ungakhingi
Class 4	iyakhinga, ikhinga	ekhingayo, ekhinga	ikhinga	ayikhingi	engakhingi	ingakhingi
Class 5	liyakhinga, likhinga	elikhingayo, elikhinga	likhinga	alikhingi	elingakhingi	lingakhingi
Class 6	ayakhinga, akhinga	akhingayo, akhinga	ekhinga	awakhingi	angakhingi	engakhingi
Class 7	siyakhinga, sikhinga	esikhingayo, esikhinga	sikhinga	asikhingi	esingakhingi	singakhingi
Class 8	ziyakhinga, zikhinga	ezikhingayo, ezikhinga	zikhinga	azikhingi	ezingakhingi	zingakhingi
Class 9	iyakhinga, ikhinga	ekhingayo, ekhinga	ikhinga	ayikhingi	engakhingi	ingakhingi
Class 10	ziyakhinga, zikhinga	ezikhingayo, ezikhinga	zikhinga	azikhingi	ezingakhingi	zingakhingi
Class 11	luyakhinga, lukhinga	olukhingayo, olukhinga	lukhinga	alukhingi	olungakhingi	lungakhingi
Class 14	buyakhinga, bukhinga	obukhingayo, obukhinga	bukhinga	abukhingi	obungakhingi	bungakhingi
Class 15	kuyakhinga, kukhinga	okukhingayo, okukhinga	kukhinga	akukhingi	okungakhingi	kungakhingi
Class 17	kuyakhinga, kukhinga	okukhingayo, okukhinga	kukhinga	akukhingi	okungakhingi	kungakhingi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngikhingile, ngikhingē	engikhingile, engikhingē	ngikhingile, ngikhingē	angikhinganga	engingakhinganga	ngingakhinganga
2nd singular	ukhingile, ukhingē	okhingile, okhingē	ukhingile, ukhingē	awukhinganga	ongakhinganga	ungakhinganga
1st plural	sikhingile, sikhingē	esikhingile, esikhingē	sikhingile, sikhingē	asikhinganga	esingakhinganga	singakhinganga
2nd plural	nikhingile, nikhingē	enikhingile, enikhingē	nikhingile, nikhingē	anikhinganga	eningakhinganga	ningakhinganga
Class 1	ukhingile, ukhingē	okhingile, okhingē	ekhingile, ekhingē	akakhinganga	ongakhinganga	engakhinganga
Class 2	bakhingile, bakhingē	abakhingile, abakhingē	bekhingile, bekhingē	abakhinganga	abangakhinganga	bengakhinganga
Class 3	ukhingile, ukhingē	okhingile, okhingē	ukhingile, ukhingē	awukhinganga	ongakhinganga	ungakhinganga
Class 4	ikhingile, ikhingē	ekhingile, ekhingē	ikhingile, ikhingē	ayikhinganga	engakhinganga	ingakhinganga
Class 5	likhingile, likhingē	elikhingile, elikhingē	likhingile, likhingē	alikhinganga	elingakhinganga	lingakhinganga
Class 6	akhingile, akhingē	akhingile, akhingē	ekhingile, ekhingē	awakhinganga	angakhinganga	engakhinganga
Class 7	sikhingile, sikhingē	esikhingile, esikhingē	sikhingile, sikhingē	asikhinganga	esingakhinganga	singakhinganga
Class 8	zikhingile, zikhingē	ezikhingile, ezikhingē	zikhingile, zikhingē	azikhinganga	ezingakhinganga	zingakhinganga
Class 9	ikhingile, ikhingē	ekhingile, ekhingē	ikhingile, ikhingē	ayikhinganga	engakhinganga	ingakhinganga
Class 10	zikhingile, zikhingē	ezikhingile, ezikhingē	zikhingile, zikhingē	azikhinganga	ezingakhinganga	zingakhinganga
Class 11	lukhingile, lukhingē	olukhingile, olukhingē	lukhingile, lukhingē	alukhinganga	olungakhinganga	lungakhinganga
Class 14	bukhingile, bukhingē	obukhingile, obukhingē	bukhingile, bukhingē	abukhinganga	obungakhinganga	bungakhinganga
Class 15	kukhingile, kukhingē	okukhingile, okukhingē	kukhingile, kukhingē	akukhinganga	okungakhinganga	kungakhinganga
Class 17	kukhingile, kukhingē	okukhingile, okukhingē	kukhingile, kukhingē	akukhinganga	okungakhinganga	kungakhinganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngākhinga	engākhinga	ngākhinga	angikhinganga	engingakhinganga	ngingakhinganga
2nd singular	wākhinga	owākhinga	wākhinga	awukhinganga	ongakhinganga	ungakhinganga
1st plural	sākhinga	esākhinga	sākhinga	asikhinganga	esingakhinganga	singakhinganga
2nd plural	nākhinga	enākhinga	nākhinga	anikhinganga	eningakhinganga	ningakhinganga
Class 1	wākhinga	owākhinga	ākhinga	akakhinganga	ongakhinganga	engakhinganga
Class 2	bākhinga	abākhinga	bākhinga	abakhinganga	abangakhinganga	bengakhinganga
Class 3	wākhinga	owākhinga	wākhinga	awukhinganga	ongakhinganga	ungakhinganga
Class 4	yākhinga	eyākhinga	yākhinga	ayikhinganga	engakhinganga	ingakhinganga
Class 5	lākhinga	elākhinga	lākhinga	alikhinganga	elingakhinganga	lingakhinganga
Class 6	ākhinga	ākhinga	ākhinga	awakhinganga	angakhinganga	engakhinganga
Class 7	sākhinga	esākhinga	sākhinga	asikhinganga	esingakhinganga	singakhinganga
Class 8	zākhinga	ezākhinga	zākhinga	azikhinganga	ezingakhinganga	zingakhinganga
Class 9	yākhinga	eyākhinga	yākhinga	ayikhinganga	engakhinganga	ingakhinganga
Class 10	zākhinga	ezākhinga	zākhinga	azikhinganga	ezingakhinganga	zingakhinganga
Class 11	lwākhinga	olwākhinga	lwākhinga	alukhinganga	olungakhinganga	lungakhinganga
Class 14	bākhinga	obākhinga	bākhinga	abukhinganga	obungakhinganga	bungakhinganga
Class 15	kwākhinga	okwākhinga	kwākhinga	akukhinganga	okungakhinganga	kungakhinganga
Class 17	kwākhinga	okwākhinga	kwākhinga	akukhinganga	okungakhinganga	kungakhinganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingakhinga	—	ngingakhinga	ngingekhinge	—	ngingekhinge
2nd singular	ungakhinga	—	ungakhinga	ungekhinge	—	ungekhinge
1st plural	singakhinga	—	singakhinga	singekhinge	—	singekhinge
2nd plural	ningakhinga	—	ningakhinga	ningekhinge	—	ningekhinge
Class 1	angakhinga	—	engakhinga	angekhinge	—	engekhinge
Class 2	bangakhinga	—	bengakhinga	bangekhinge	—	bengekhinge
Class 3	ungakhinga	—	ungakhinga	ungekhinge	—	ungekhinge
Class 4	ingakhinga	—	ingakhinga	ingekhinge	—	ingekhinge
Class 5	lingakhinga	—	lingakhinga	lingekhinge	—	lingekhinge
Class 6	angakhinga	—	engakhinga	angekhinge	—	engekhinge
Class 7	singakhinga	—	singakhinga	singekhinge	—	singekhinge
Class 8	zingakhinga	—	zingakhinga	zingekhinge	—	zingekhinge
Class 9	ingakhinga	—	ingakhinga	ingekhinge	—	ingekhinge
Class 10	zingakhinga	—	zingakhinga	zingekhinge	—	zingekhinge
Class 11	lungakhinga	—	lungakhinga	lungekhinge	—	lungekhinge
Class 14	bungakhinga	—	bungakhinga	bungekhinge	—	bungekhinge
Class 15	kungakhinga	—	kungakhinga	kungekhinge	—	kungekhinge
Class 17	kungakhinga	—	kungakhinga	kungekhinge	—	kungekhinge
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokhinga	engizokhinga	ngizokhinga	angizukhinga	engingezukhinga	ngingezukhinga
2nd singular	uzokhinga	ozokhinga	uzokhinga	awuzukhinga	ongezukhinga	ungezukhinga
1st plural	sizokhinga	esizokhinga	sizokhinga	asizukhinga	esingezukhinga	singezukhinga
2nd plural	nizokhinga	enizokhinga	nizokhinga	anizukhinga	eningezukhinga	ningezukhinga
Class 1	uzokhinga	ozokhinga	ezokhinga	akazukhinga	ongezukhinga	engezukhinga
Class 2	bazokhinga	abazokhinga	bezokhinga	abazukhinga	abangezukhinga	bengezukhinga
Class 3	uzokhinga	ozokhinga	uzokhinga	awuzukhinga	ongezukhinga	ungezukhinga
Class 4	izokhinga	ezokhinga	izokhinga	ayizukhinga	engezukhinga	ingezukhinga
Class 5	lizokhinga	elizokhinga	lizokhinga	alizukhinga	elingezukhinga	lingezukhinga
Class 6	azokhinga	azokhinga	ezokhinga	awazukhinga	angezukhinga	engezukhinga
Class 7	sizokhinga	esizokhinga	sizokhinga	asizukhinga	esingezukhinga	singezukhinga
Class 8	zizokhinga	ezizokhinga	zizokhinga	azizukhinga	ezingezukhinga	zingezukhinga
Class 9	izokhinga	ezokhinga	izokhinga	ayizukhinga	engezukhinga	ingezukhinga
Class 10	zizokhinga	ezizokhinga	zizokhinga	azizukhinga	ezingezukhinga	zingezukhinga
Class 11	luzokhinga	oluzokhinga	luzokhinga	aluzukhinga	olungezukhinga	lungezukhinga
Class 14	buzokhinga	obuzokhinga	buzokhinga	abuzukhinga	obungezukhinga	bungezukhinga
Class 15	kuzokhinga	okuzokhinga	kuzokhinga	akuzukhinga	okungezukhinga	kungezukhinga
Class 17	kuzokhinga	okuzokhinga	kuzokhinga	akuzukhinga	okungezukhinga	kungezukhinga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokhinga	engiyokhinga	ngiyokhinga	angiyukhinga	engingeyukhinga	ngingeyukhinga
2nd singular	uyokhinga	oyokhinga	uyokhinga	awuyukhinga	ongeyukhinga	ungeyukhinga
1st plural	siyokhinga	esiyokhinga	siyokhinga	asiyukhinga	esingeyukhinga	singeyukhinga
2nd plural	niyokhinga	eniyokhinga	niyokhinga	aniyukhinga	eningeyukhinga	ningeyukhinga
Class 1	uyokhinga	oyokhinga	eyokhinga	akayukhinga	ongeyukhinga	engeyukhinga
Class 2	bayokhinga	abayokhinga	beyokhinga	abayukhinga	abangeyukhinga	bengeyukhinga
Class 3	uyokhinga	oyokhinga	uyokhinga	awuyukhinga	ongeyukhinga	ungeyukhinga
Class 4	iyokhinga	eyokhinga	iyokhinga	ayiyukhinga	engeyukhinga	ingeyukhinga
Class 5	liyokhinga	eliyokhinga	liyokhinga	aliyukhinga	elingeyukhinga	lingeyukhinga
Class 6	ayokhinga	ayokhinga	eyokhinga	awayukhinga	angeyukhinga	engeyukhinga
Class 7	siyokhinga	esiyokhinga	siyokhinga	asiyukhinga	esingeyukhinga	singeyukhinga
Class 8	ziyokhinga	eziyokhinga	ziyokhinga	aziyukhinga	ezingeyukhinga	zingeyukhinga
Class 9	iyokhinga	eyokhinga	iyokhinga	ayiyukhinga	engeyukhinga	ingeyukhinga
Class 10	ziyokhinga	eziyokhinga	ziyokhinga	aziyukhinga	ezingeyukhinga	zingeyukhinga
Class 11	luyokhinga	oluyokhinga	luyokhinga	aluyukhinga	olungeyukhinga	lungeyukhinga
Class 14	buyokhinga	obuyokhinga	buyokhinga	abuyukhinga	obungeyukhinga	bungeyukhinga
Class 15	kuyokhinga	okuyokhinga	kuyokhinga	akuyukhinga	okungeyukhinga	kungeyukhinga
Class 17	kuyokhinga	okuyokhinga	kuyokhinga	akuyukhinga	okungeyukhinga	kungeyukhinga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngikhinge	ngingakhingi
2nd singular	ukhinge	ungakhingi
1st plural	sikhinge	singakhingi
2nd plural	nikhinge	ningakhingi
Class 1	akhinge	angakhingi
Class 2	bakhinge	bangakhingi
Class 3	ukhinge	ungakhingi
Class 4	ikhinge	ingakhingi
Class 5	likhinge	lingakhingi
Class 6	akhinge	angakhingi
Class 7	sikhinge	singakhingi
Class 8	zikhinge	zingakhingi
Class 9	ikhinge	ingakhingi
Class 10	zikhinge	zingakhingi
Class 11	lukhinge	lungakhingi
Class 14	bukhinge	bungakhingi
Class 15	kukhinge	kungakhingi
Class 17	kukhinge	kungakhingi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngakhinga	ngangakhinga, angakhinga, angangakhinga
2nd singular	wakhinga	wangakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga
1st plural	sakhinga	sangakhinga, asakhinga, asangakhinga
2nd plural	nakhinga	nangakhinga, anakhinga, anangakhinga
Class 1	wakhinga	wangakhinga, akakhinga, akangakhinga
Class 2	bakhinga	bangakhinga, abakhinga, abangakhinga
Class 3	wakhinga	wangakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga
Class 4	yakhinga	yangakhinga, ayakhinga, ayangakhinga
Class 5	lakhinga	langakhinga, alakhinga, alangakhinga
Class 6	akhinga	angakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga
Class 7	sakhinga	sangakhinga, asakhinga, asangakhinga
Class 8	zakhinga	zangakhinga, azakhinga, azangakhinga
Class 9	yakhinga	yangakhinga, ayakhinga, ayangakhinga
Class 10	zakhinga	zangakhinga, azakhinga, azangakhinga
Class 11	lwakhinga	lwangakhinga, alwakhinga, alwangakhinga
Class 14	bakhinga	bangakhinga, abakhinga, abangakhinga
Class 15	kwakhinga	kwangakhinga, akwakhinga, akwangakhinga
Class 17	kwakhinga	kwangakhinga, akwakhinga, akwangakhinga

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khinga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khinga (3.9)”