khuphuka

Zulu

Etymology

From the ideophone khuphu.

Verb

-khuphuka

1. (intransitive) to ascend, to climb
2. (intransitive) to increase, to go up
3. (intransitive) to be promoted

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukukhuphuka
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukukhuphuka	ukungakhuphuki
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	khuphuka	-khuphuke
Plural	khuphukani	-khuphukeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyakhuphuka, ngikhuphuka	engikhuphukayo, engikhuphuka	ngikhuphuka	angikhuphuki	engingakhuphuki	ngingakhuphuki
2nd singular	uyakhuphuka, ukhuphuka	okhuphukayo, okhuphuka	ukhuphuka	awukhuphuki	ongakhuphuki	ungakhuphuki
1st plural	siyakhuphuka, sikhuphuka	esikhuphukayo, esikhuphuka	sikhuphuka	asikhuphuki	esingakhuphuki	singakhuphuki
2nd plural	niyakhuphuka, nikhuphuka	enikhuphukayo, enikhuphuka	nikhuphuka	anikhuphuki	eningakhuphuki	ningakhuphuki
Class 1	uyakhuphuka, ukhuphuka	okhuphukayo, okhuphuka	ekhuphuka	akakhuphuki	ongakhuphuki	engakhuphuki
Class 2	bayakhuphuka, bakhuphuka	abakhuphukayo, abakhuphuka	bekhuphuka	abakhuphuki	abangakhuphuki	bengakhuphuki
Class 3	uyakhuphuka, ukhuphuka	okhuphukayo, okhuphuka	ukhuphuka	awukhuphuki	ongakhuphuki	ungakhuphuki
Class 4	iyakhuphuka, ikhuphuka	ekhuphukayo, ekhuphuka	ikhuphuka	ayikhuphuki	engakhuphuki	ingakhuphuki
Class 5	liyakhuphuka, likhuphuka	elikhuphukayo, elikhuphuka	likhuphuka	alikhuphuki	elingakhuphuki	lingakhuphuki
Class 6	ayakhuphuka, akhuphuka	akhuphukayo, akhuphuka	ekhuphuka	awakhuphuki	angakhuphuki	engakhuphuki
Class 7	siyakhuphuka, sikhuphuka	esikhuphukayo, esikhuphuka	sikhuphuka	asikhuphuki	esingakhuphuki	singakhuphuki
Class 8	ziyakhuphuka, zikhuphuka	ezikhuphukayo, ezikhuphuka	zikhuphuka	azikhuphuki	ezingakhuphuki	zingakhuphuki
Class 9	iyakhuphuka, ikhuphuka	ekhuphukayo, ekhuphuka	ikhuphuka	ayikhuphuki	engakhuphuki	ingakhuphuki
Class 10	ziyakhuphuka, zikhuphuka	ezikhuphukayo, ezikhuphuka	zikhuphuka	azikhuphuki	ezingakhuphuki	zingakhuphuki
Class 11	luyakhuphuka, lukhuphuka	olukhuphukayo, olukhuphuka	lukhuphuka	alukhuphuki	olungakhuphuki	lungakhuphuki
Class 14	buyakhuphuka, bukhuphuka	obukhuphukayo, obukhuphuka	bukhuphuka	abukhuphuki	obungakhuphuki	bungakhuphuki
Class 15	kuyakhuphuka, kukhuphuka	okukhuphukayo, okukhuphuka	kukhuphuka	akukhuphuki	okungakhuphuki	kungakhuphuki
Class 17	kuyakhuphuka, kukhuphuka	okukhuphukayo, okukhuphuka	kukhuphuka	akukhuphuki	okungakhuphuki	kungakhuphuki
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngikhuphukile, ngikhuphukē	engikhuphukile, engikhuphukē	ngikhuphukile, ngikhuphukē	angikhuphukanga	engingakhuphukanga	ngingakhuphukanga
2nd singular	ukhuphukile, ukhuphukē	okhuphukile, okhuphukē	ukhuphukile, ukhuphukē	awukhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	ungakhuphukanga
1st plural	sikhuphukile, sikhuphukē	esikhuphukile, esikhuphukē	sikhuphukile, sikhuphukē	asikhuphukanga	esingakhuphukanga	singakhuphukanga
2nd plural	nikhuphukile, nikhuphukē	enikhuphukile, enikhuphukē	nikhuphukile, nikhuphukē	anikhuphukanga	eningakhuphukanga	ningakhuphukanga
Class 1	ukhuphukile, ukhuphukē	okhuphukile, okhuphukē	ekhuphukile, ekhuphukē	akakhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga
Class 2	bakhuphukile, bakhuphukē	abakhuphukile, abakhuphukē	bekhuphukile, bekhuphukē	abakhuphukanga	abangakhuphukanga	bengakhuphukanga
Class 3	ukhuphukile, ukhuphukē	okhuphukile, okhuphukē	ukhuphukile, ukhuphukē	awukhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	ungakhuphukanga
Class 4	ikhuphukile, ikhuphukē	ekhuphukile, ekhuphukē	ikhuphukile, ikhuphukē	ayikhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga	ingakhuphukanga
Class 5	likhuphukile, likhuphukē	elikhuphukile, elikhuphukē	likhuphukile, likhuphukē	alikhuphukanga	elingakhuphukanga	lingakhuphukanga
Class 6	akhuphukile, akhuphukē	akhuphukile, akhuphukē	ekhuphukile, ekhuphukē	awakhuphukanga	angakhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga
Class 7	sikhuphukile, sikhuphukē	esikhuphukile, esikhuphukē	sikhuphukile, sikhuphukē	asikhuphukanga	esingakhuphukanga	singakhuphukanga
Class 8	zikhuphukile, zikhuphukē	ezikhuphukile, ezikhuphukē	zikhuphukile, zikhuphukē	azikhuphukanga	ezingakhuphukanga	zingakhuphukanga
Class 9	ikhuphukile, ikhuphukē	ekhuphukile, ekhuphukē	ikhuphukile, ikhuphukē	ayikhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga	ingakhuphukanga
Class 10	zikhuphukile, zikhuphukē	ezikhuphukile, ezikhuphukē	zikhuphukile, zikhuphukē	azikhuphukanga	ezingakhuphukanga	zingakhuphukanga
Class 11	lukhuphukile, lukhuphukē	olukhuphukile, olukhuphukē	lukhuphukile, lukhuphukē	alukhuphukanga	olungakhuphukanga	lungakhuphukanga
Class 14	bukhuphukile, bukhuphukē	obukhuphukile, obukhuphukē	bukhuphukile, bukhuphukē	abukhuphukanga	obungakhuphukanga	bungakhuphukanga
Class 15	kukhuphukile, kukhuphukē	okukhuphukile, okukhuphukē	kukhuphukile, kukhuphukē	akukhuphukanga	okungakhuphukanga	kungakhuphukanga
Class 17	kukhuphukile, kukhuphukē	okukhuphukile, okukhuphukē	kukhuphukile, kukhuphukē	akukhuphukanga	okungakhuphukanga	kungakhuphukanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngākhuphuka	engākhuphuka	ngākhuphuka	angikhuphukanga	engingakhuphukanga	ngingakhuphukanga
2nd singular	wākhuphuka	owākhuphuka	wākhuphuka	awukhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	ungakhuphukanga
1st plural	sākhuphuka	esākhuphuka	sākhuphuka	asikhuphukanga	esingakhuphukanga	singakhuphukanga
2nd plural	nākhuphuka	enākhuphuka	nākhuphuka	anikhuphukanga	eningakhuphukanga	ningakhuphukanga
Class 1	wākhuphuka	owākhuphuka	ākhuphuka	akakhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga
Class 2	bākhuphuka	abākhuphuka	bākhuphuka	abakhuphukanga	abangakhuphukanga	bengakhuphukanga
Class 3	wākhuphuka	owākhuphuka	wākhuphuka	awukhuphukanga	ongakhuphukanga	ungakhuphukanga
Class 4	yākhuphuka	eyākhuphuka	yākhuphuka	ayikhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga	ingakhuphukanga
Class 5	lākhuphuka	elākhuphuka	lākhuphuka	alikhuphukanga	elingakhuphukanga	lingakhuphukanga
Class 6	ākhuphuka	ākhuphuka	ākhuphuka	awakhuphukanga	angakhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga
Class 7	sākhuphuka	esākhuphuka	sākhuphuka	asikhuphukanga	esingakhuphukanga	singakhuphukanga
Class 8	zākhuphuka	ezākhuphuka	zākhuphuka	azikhuphukanga	ezingakhuphukanga	zingakhuphukanga
Class 9	yākhuphuka	eyākhuphuka	yākhuphuka	ayikhuphukanga	engakhuphukanga	ingakhuphukanga
Class 10	zākhuphuka	ezākhuphuka	zākhuphuka	azikhuphukanga	ezingakhuphukanga	zingakhuphukanga
Class 11	lwākhuphuka	olwākhuphuka	lwākhuphuka	alukhuphukanga	olungakhuphukanga	lungakhuphukanga
Class 14	bākhuphuka	obākhuphuka	bākhuphuka	abukhuphukanga	obungakhuphukanga	bungakhuphukanga
Class 15	kwākhuphuka	okwākhuphuka	kwākhuphuka	akukhuphukanga	okungakhuphukanga	kungakhuphukanga
Class 17	kwākhuphuka	okwākhuphuka	kwākhuphuka	akukhuphukanga	okungakhuphukanga	kungakhuphukanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingakhuphuka	—	ngingakhuphuka	ngingekhuphuke	—	ngingekhuphuke
2nd singular	ungakhuphuka	—	ungakhuphuka	ungekhuphuke	—	ungekhuphuke
1st plural	singakhuphuka	—	singakhuphuka	singekhuphuke	—	singekhuphuke
2nd plural	ningakhuphuka	—	ningakhuphuka	ningekhuphuke	—	ningekhuphuke
Class 1	angakhuphuka	—	engakhuphuka	angekhuphuke	—	engekhuphuke
Class 2	bangakhuphuka	—	bengakhuphuka	bangekhuphuke	—	bengekhuphuke
Class 3	ungakhuphuka	—	ungakhuphuka	ungekhuphuke	—	ungekhuphuke
Class 4	ingakhuphuka	—	ingakhuphuka	ingekhuphuke	—	ingekhuphuke
Class 5	lingakhuphuka	—	lingakhuphuka	lingekhuphuke	—	lingekhuphuke
Class 6	angakhuphuka	—	engakhuphuka	angekhuphuke	—	engekhuphuke
Class 7	singakhuphuka	—	singakhuphuka	singekhuphuke	—	singekhuphuke
Class 8	zingakhuphuka	—	zingakhuphuka	zingekhuphuke	—	zingekhuphuke
Class 9	ingakhuphuka	—	ingakhuphuka	ingekhuphuke	—	ingekhuphuke
Class 10	zingakhuphuka	—	zingakhuphuka	zingekhuphuke	—	zingekhuphuke
Class 11	lungakhuphuka	—	lungakhuphuka	lungekhuphuke	—	lungekhuphuke
Class 14	bungakhuphuka	—	bungakhuphuka	bungekhuphuke	—	bungekhuphuke
Class 15	kungakhuphuka	—	kungakhuphuka	kungekhuphuke	—	kungekhuphuke
Class 17	kungakhuphuka	—	kungakhuphuka	kungekhuphuke	—	kungekhuphuke
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizokhuphuka	engizokhuphuka	ngizokhuphuka	angizukhuphuka	engingezukhuphuka	ngingezukhuphuka
2nd singular	uzokhuphuka	ozokhuphuka	uzokhuphuka	awuzukhuphuka	ongezukhuphuka	ungezukhuphuka
1st plural	sizokhuphuka	esizokhuphuka	sizokhuphuka	asizukhuphuka	esingezukhuphuka	singezukhuphuka
2nd plural	nizokhuphuka	enizokhuphuka	nizokhuphuka	anizukhuphuka	eningezukhuphuka	ningezukhuphuka
Class 1	uzokhuphuka	ozokhuphuka	ezokhuphuka	akazukhuphuka	ongezukhuphuka	engezukhuphuka
Class 2	bazokhuphuka	abazokhuphuka	bezokhuphuka	abazukhuphuka	abangezukhuphuka	bengezukhuphuka
Class 3	uzokhuphuka	ozokhuphuka	uzokhuphuka	awuzukhuphuka	ongezukhuphuka	ungezukhuphuka
Class 4	izokhuphuka	ezokhuphuka	izokhuphuka	ayizukhuphuka	engezukhuphuka	ingezukhuphuka
Class 5	lizokhuphuka	elizokhuphuka	lizokhuphuka	alizukhuphuka	elingezukhuphuka	lingezukhuphuka
Class 6	azokhuphuka	azokhuphuka	ezokhuphuka	awazukhuphuka	angezukhuphuka	engezukhuphuka
Class 7	sizokhuphuka	esizokhuphuka	sizokhuphuka	asizukhuphuka	esingezukhuphuka	singezukhuphuka
Class 8	zizokhuphuka	ezizokhuphuka	zizokhuphuka	azizukhuphuka	ezingezukhuphuka	zingezukhuphuka
Class 9	izokhuphuka	ezokhuphuka	izokhuphuka	ayizukhuphuka	engezukhuphuka	ingezukhuphuka
Class 10	zizokhuphuka	ezizokhuphuka	zizokhuphuka	azizukhuphuka	ezingezukhuphuka	zingezukhuphuka
Class 11	luzokhuphuka	oluzokhuphuka	luzokhuphuka	aluzukhuphuka	olungezukhuphuka	lungezukhuphuka
Class 14	buzokhuphuka	obuzokhuphuka	buzokhuphuka	abuzukhuphuka	obungezukhuphuka	bungezukhuphuka
Class 15	kuzokhuphuka	okuzokhuphuka	kuzokhuphuka	akuzukhuphuka	okungezukhuphuka	kungezukhuphuka
Class 17	kuzokhuphuka	okuzokhuphuka	kuzokhuphuka	akuzukhuphuka	okungezukhuphuka	kungezukhuphuka
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyokhuphuka	engiyokhuphuka	ngiyokhuphuka	angiyukhuphuka	engingeyukhuphuka	ngingeyukhuphuka
2nd singular	uyokhuphuka	oyokhuphuka	uyokhuphuka	awuyukhuphuka	ongeyukhuphuka	ungeyukhuphuka
1st plural	siyokhuphuka	esiyokhuphuka	siyokhuphuka	asiyukhuphuka	esingeyukhuphuka	singeyukhuphuka
2nd plural	niyokhuphuka	eniyokhuphuka	niyokhuphuka	aniyukhuphuka	eningeyukhuphuka	ningeyukhuphuka
Class 1	uyokhuphuka	oyokhuphuka	eyokhuphuka	akayukhuphuka	ongeyukhuphuka	engeyukhuphuka
Class 2	bayokhuphuka	abayokhuphuka	beyokhuphuka	abayukhuphuka	abangeyukhuphuka	bengeyukhuphuka
Class 3	uyokhuphuka	oyokhuphuka	uyokhuphuka	awuyukhuphuka	ongeyukhuphuka	ungeyukhuphuka
Class 4	iyokhuphuka	eyokhuphuka	iyokhuphuka	ayiyukhuphuka	engeyukhuphuka	ingeyukhuphuka
Class 5	liyokhuphuka	eliyokhuphuka	liyokhuphuka	aliyukhuphuka	elingeyukhuphuka	lingeyukhuphuka
Class 6	ayokhuphuka	ayokhuphuka	eyokhuphuka	awayukhuphuka	angeyukhuphuka	engeyukhuphuka
Class 7	siyokhuphuka	esiyokhuphuka	siyokhuphuka	asiyukhuphuka	esingeyukhuphuka	singeyukhuphuka
Class 8	ziyokhuphuka	eziyokhuphuka	ziyokhuphuka	aziyukhuphuka	ezingeyukhuphuka	zingeyukhuphuka
Class 9	iyokhuphuka	eyokhuphuka	iyokhuphuka	ayiyukhuphuka	engeyukhuphuka	ingeyukhuphuka
Class 10	ziyokhuphuka	eziyokhuphuka	ziyokhuphuka	aziyukhuphuka	ezingeyukhuphuka	zingeyukhuphuka
Class 11	luyokhuphuka	oluyokhuphuka	luyokhuphuka	aluyukhuphuka	olungeyukhuphuka	lungeyukhuphuka
Class 14	buyokhuphuka	obuyokhuphuka	buyokhuphuka	abuyukhuphuka	obungeyukhuphuka	bungeyukhuphuka
Class 15	kuyokhuphuka	okuyokhuphuka	kuyokhuphuka	akuyukhuphuka	okungeyukhuphuka	kungeyukhuphuka
Class 17	kuyokhuphuka	okuyokhuphuka	kuyokhuphuka	akuyukhuphuka	okungeyukhuphuka	kungeyukhuphuka
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngikhuphuke	ngingakhuphuki
2nd singular	ukhuphuke	ungakhuphuki
1st plural	sikhuphuke	singakhuphuki
2nd plural	nikhuphuke	ningakhuphuki
Class 1	akhuphuke	angakhuphuki
Class 2	bakhuphuke	bangakhuphuki
Class 3	ukhuphuke	ungakhuphuki
Class 4	ikhuphuke	ingakhuphuki
Class 5	likhuphuke	lingakhuphuki
Class 6	akhuphuke	angakhuphuki
Class 7	sikhuphuke	singakhuphuki
Class 8	zikhuphuke	zingakhuphuki
Class 9	ikhuphuke	ingakhuphuki
Class 10	zikhuphuke	zingakhuphuki
Class 11	lukhuphuke	lungakhuphuki
Class 14	bukhuphuke	bungakhuphuki
Class 15	kukhuphuke	kungakhuphuki
Class 17	kukhuphuke	kungakhuphuki
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngakhuphuka	ngangakhuphuka, angakhuphuka, angangakhuphuka
2nd singular	wakhuphuka	wangakhuphuka, awakhuphuka, awangakhuphuka
1st plural	sakhuphuka	sangakhuphuka, asakhuphuka, asangakhuphuka
2nd plural	nakhuphuka	nangakhuphuka, anakhuphuka, anangakhuphuka
Class 1	wakhuphuka	wangakhuphuka, akakhuphuka, akangakhuphuka
Class 2	bakhuphuka	bangakhuphuka, abakhuphuka, abangakhuphuka
Class 3	wakhuphuka	wangakhuphuka, awakhuphuka, awangakhuphuka
Class 4	yakhuphuka	yangakhuphuka, ayakhuphuka, ayangakhuphuka
Class 5	lakhuphuka	langakhuphuka, alakhuphuka, alangakhuphuka
Class 6	akhuphuka	angakhuphuka, awakhuphuka, awangakhuphuka
Class 7	sakhuphuka	sangakhuphuka, asakhuphuka, asangakhuphuka
Class 8	zakhuphuka	zangakhuphuka, azakhuphuka, azangakhuphuka
Class 9	yakhuphuka	yangakhuphuka, ayakhuphuka, ayangakhuphuka
Class 10	zakhuphuka	zangakhuphuka, azakhuphuka, azangakhuphuka
Class 11	lwakhuphuka	lwangakhuphuka, alwakhuphuka, alwangakhuphuka
Class 14	bakhuphuka	bangakhuphuka, abakhuphuka, abangakhuphuka
Class 15	kwakhuphuka	kwangakhuphuka, akwakhuphuka, akwangakhuphuka
Class 17	kwakhuphuka	kwangakhuphuka, akwakhuphuka, akwangakhuphuka

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khuphuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khuphuka (3.2.9)”