l-

See also: Appendix:Variations of "l"

Translingual

Prefix

l-

(chemistry) deprecated notation for levorotatory (versus modern notation, (−)).

Ahtna

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *lə-, equivalent to a combination of the ł- classifier and the d-classifier.

Prefix

l-

The l-classifier, one of four classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Ahtna verb with a variety of purposes. The l-classifier has the following uses:
1. Forms the passive of (mostly transitive) verbs with the ł-classifier
2. Forms many intransitive verbs
3. Forms iterative verbs via classifier shift from the ł-classifier (with the prefix na-)
  nakuldox ― it burst open again
4. Forms reciprocal verbs
5. Forms benefactive verbs
6. Forms reflexive verbs
7. Forms mediopassive verbs
8. Forms neuter (adjectival) verbs from nouns
9. Forms transitive verbs with incorporated objects
10. Appears in many imitative and onomatopoeic verbs
11. Appears in many verbs with no clear function

Derived terms

Ahtna terms prefixed with l-

References

Kari, James (1990), Ahtna Athabaskan Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 261

Lower Tanana

Etymology

From a Proto-Athabaskan combination of the de- and ɬ-classifiers. Cognate with Navajo l-, Ahtna l-, Wailaki l-, and so on.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /l/

Prefix

l-

One of four "classifier" valency prefixes mandatory on all Lower Tanana verbs. The l-classifier has the following uses:

Forms many intransitive verbs

ghelbeth ― it is rolling

Forms intransitive reflexive verbs
Forms intransitive verbs with an incorporate as their object
With a gender prefix, forms dimensional neuter adjectival verbs.

nadlebotth ― it is round

With the d-qualifier, forms onomatopoeic verbs

deldaɬ ― a crane is calling
deltwtl ― he/she is talking loudly

Usage notes

Very often realized as le-.
Combines with the prefix es- to form eje- or esje-.

Derived terms

References

Kari, James et al. (2024), Kari, James, editor, Lower Tanana Dene Dictionary, Fairbanks, Alaska: Alaska Native Language Center, →ISBN, page 551

Maltese

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /l/

Article

l-

alternative form of il-

Usage notes

Always used before a vowel sound, frequently also after a vowel sound. For details on usage, see the main lemma.

Navajo

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *lə-, equivalent to a combination of the ł- classifier and the d-classifier.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /l-/

Prefix

l-

the l- classifier or valence-change prefix, a detransitivizing prefix of active verbs that modifies the transitivity or valence and grammatical voice of a verb, and occurs in most passive, mediopassive, reflexive, and reciprocal verbs that are derived from verbs with a ł- classifier
néíłtsááh ― he’s drying it (ná-yi-ł-tsááh)

náltsááh ― it’s being dried (ná-l-tsááh)

Derived terms

Navajo terms prefixed with l- (classifier)

l-

Wailaki

Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *lə-, equivalent to a combination of the ł- classifier and the d-classifier.

Prefix

l-

The l-classifier, one of several classifiers which obligatorily appear in every Wailaki verb, used primary to passivize transitive verbs formed with the ł-classifier.

Related terms

d-
ł-

References

Begay, Kayla Rae (2017), Wailaki Grammar, University of California, Berkeley, page 163

Yurok

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /l/

Root

l-

Semantically empty, default root.

Derived terms

Yurok terms belonging to the root l- (0 c, 5 e)