lie
English[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Middle English lien, liggen, from Old English liċġan, from Proto-West Germanic *liggjan, from Proto-Germanic *ligjaną, from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-.
Cognate with West Frisian lizze, Dutch liggen, German liegen, Danish and Norwegian Bokmål ligge, Swedish ligga, Icelandic, Faroese and Norwegian Nynorsk liggja, Gothic 𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan); and with Latin lectus (“bed”), Irish luighe, Russian лежа́ть (ležátʹ), Albanian lag (“troop, band, encampment”).
As a noun for position, the noun has the same etymology above as the verb.
Verb[edit]
lie (third-person singular simple present lies, present participle lying, simple past lay or laid or lied, past participle lain or laid or lied or (obsolete) lien)
- (intransitive) To rest in a horizontal position on a surface.
- The book lies on the table; the snow lies on the roof; he lies in his coffin
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Psalms 68:13:
- Though ye haue lien among the pots, yet shall yee bee as the wings of a doue, couered with siluer, and her feathers with yellow gold.
- 1660, [John] Dryden, Astraea Redux:
- The watchful traveller […] / Lay down again, and closed his weary eyes.
- 1849, Henry David Thoreau, A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers
- Our uninquiring corpses lie more low / Than our life's curiosity doth go.
- 1892, James Yoxall, chapter 5, in The Lonely Pyramid:
- The desert storm was riding in its strength; the travellers lay beneath the mastery of the fell simoom. Whirling wreaths and columns of burning wind, rushed around and over them.
- (intransitive) To be placed or situated.
- 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:
- Hepaticology, outside the temperate parts of the Northern Hemisphere, still lies deep in the shadow cast by that ultimate "closet taxonomist," Franz Stephani—a ghost whose shadow falls over us all.
- 2013 June 8, “The new masters and commanders”, in The Economist, volume 407, number 8839, page 52:
- From the ground, Colombo’s port does not look like much. Those entering it are greeted by wire fences, walls dating back to colonial times and security posts. For mariners leaving the port after lonely nights on the high seas, the delights of the B52 Night Club and Stallion Pub lie a stumble away.
- (intransitive, copulative) To abide; to remain for a longer or shorter time; to be in a certain state or condition.
- to lie waste; to lie fallow; to lie open; to lie hidden; to lie grieving; to lie under one's displeasure; to lie at the mercy of the waves
- The paper does not lie smooth on the wall.
- Used with in: to be or exist; to belong or pertain; to have an abiding place; to consist.
- c. 1690, Of Envy:
- Envy lies between beings equal in nature, though unequal in circumstances.
- 1693, [John Locke], “§2016”, in Some Thoughts Concerning Education, London: […] A[wnsham] and J[ohn] Churchill, […], OCLC 1161614482:
- He that thinks that diversion may not lie in hard labour, forgets the early rising and hard riding of huntsmen.
- Used with with: to have sexual relations with.
- 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], OCLC 964384981, Genesis 39:7:
- And it came to passe after these things, that his masters wife cast her eyes vpon Ioseph, and shee said, Lie with me.
- Used with on/upon: to be incumbent (on); to be the responsibility of a person.
- (archaic) To lodge; to sleep.
- 1632, John Evelyn, diary, entry 21 October 1632
- While I was now trifling at home, I saw London, […] where I lay one night only.
- 1849 May – 1850 November, Charles Dickens, chapter 10, in The Personal History of David Copperfield, London: Bradbury & Evans, […], published 1850, OCLC 558196156:
- Mr. Quinion lay at our house that night.
- 1632, John Evelyn, diary, entry 21 October 1632
- To be still or quiet, like one lying down to rest.
- c. 1607–1608, William Shakeſpeare, The Late, And much admired Play, Called Pericles, Prince of Tyre. […], London: Imprinted at London for Henry Goſſon, […], published 1609, OCLC 78596089, [Act III, scene i]:
- The Wind is lowd, and will not lie till the Ship be cleard of the dead.
- (law) To be sustainable; to be capable of being maintained.
- 1737, lies%20in%20this%20case%22&f=false Cart against Marsh (legal case)
- An appeal lies in this case from the ordinary to the arches.
- 1737, lies%20in%20this%20case%22&f=false Cart against Marsh (legal case)
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | (to) lie | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | lie | lay | |
2nd-person singular | lie, lyest* | lay, layst* | |
3rd-person singular | lies, lyeth* | lay | |
plural | lie | ||
subjunctive | lie | ||
imperative | lie | — | |
participles | lying | lain, lien* |
Usage notes[edit]
See the usage notes at lay.
Derived terms[edit]
Related terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Noun[edit]
lie (plural lies)
- (golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the ball before it is struck.
- (disc golf) The terrain and conditions surrounding the disc before it is thrown.
- (medicine) The position of a fetus in the womb.
- A manner of lying; relative position.
- An animal's lair.
Translations[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
From Middle English lien (“to lie, tell a falsehood”), from Old English lēogan (“to lie”), from Proto-West Germanic *leugan, from Proto-Germanic *leuganą (“to lie”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to lie, swear, bemoan”).
Cognate with West Frisian lige (“to lie”), Low German legen, lögen (“to lie”), Dutch liegen (“to lie”), German lügen (“to lie”), Norwegian ljuge/lyge (“to lie”), Danish lyve (“to lie”), Swedish ljuga (“to lie”), and more distantly with Bulgarian лъжа (lǎža, “to lie”), Russian лгать (lgatʹ, “to lie”), ложь (ložʹ, “falsehood”).
Verb[edit]
lie (third-person singular simple present lies, present participle lying, simple past and past participle lied)
- (intransitive) To give false information intentionally with intent to deceive.
- When Pinocchio lies, his nose grows.
- If you are found to have lied in court, you could face a penalty.
- While a principle-based approach might claim that lying is always morally wrong, the casuist would argue that, depending upon the details of the case, lying might or might not be illegal or unethical. The casuist might conclude that a person is wrong to lie in legal testimony under oath, but might argue that lying actually is the best moral choice if the lie saves a life.WP
- (intransitive) To convey a false image or impression.
- Photographs often lie.
- (intransitive, colloquial) To be mistaken or unintentionally spread false information.
- Sorry, I haven't seen your keys anywhere...wait, I lied! They're right there on the coffee table.
Conjugation[edit]
infinitive | (to) lie | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | lie | lied | |
2nd-person singular | lie, liest* | lied, liedst* | |
3rd-person singular | lies, lieth* | lied | |
plural | lie | ||
subjunctive | lie | ||
imperative | lie | — | |
participles | lying | lied |
Synonyms[edit]
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Etymology 3[edit]
From Middle English lie, from Old English lyġe (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Germanic *lugiz (“lie, falsehood”), from Proto-Indo-European *lewgʰ- (“to tell lies, swear, complain”). Cognate with Old Saxon luggi (“a lie”), Old High German lugī, lugin (“a lie”) (German Lüge), Danish løgn (“a lie”), Bulgarian лъжа́ (lǎžá, “а lie”), Russian ложь (ložʹ, “а lie”).
Noun[edit]
lie (plural lies)
- An intentionally false statement; an intentional falsehood.
- Synonyms: alternative fact, bullshit, deception, falsehood, fib, leasing, prevarication; see also Thesaurus:lie
- Antonym: truth
- I knew he was telling a lie by his facial expression.
- A statement intended to deceive, even if literally true.
- Synonym: half-truth
- (by extension) Anything that misleads or disappoints.
- 1835, Richard Chenevix Trench, the Story of Justin Martyr
- Wishing this lie of life was o'er.
- 2007, Erik Wolpaw and Chet Faliszek, Portal:
- The cake is a lie.
- 1835, Richard Chenevix Trench, the Story of Justin Martyr
Derived terms[edit]
Translations[edit]
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Further reading[edit]
Anagrams[edit]
Finnish[edit]
Pronunciation[edit]
Verb[edit]
lie
- (dialectal) third-person singular potential present of olla
- Se on missä lie.
- It's somewhere. / I wonder where it is.
- Tai mitä lie ovatkaan
- Or whatever they are.
- Kyllä asia lie juuri näin.
- Yes, the thing supposedly is just like that.
- Se on missä lie.
Usage notes[edit]
- This form is commonly used in North Karelian dialect, in standard Finnish in highly literary or solemn use, only. Can take any person form. As a main verb, the form just occurs in present tense. As an auxiliary verb form, it may take place in the perfect tense form of any verb. In dialectal use, the form can typically be seen in both direct and indirect questions.
Synonyms[edit]
- (3rd-pers. sg. potent. pres. of olla; standard) lienee
Anagrams[edit]
French[edit]
Etymology 1[edit]
From Old French lie, from Medieval Latin lias (“lees, dregs”) (descent via winemaking common in monasteries), from Gaulish *ligyā, *legyā (“silt, sediment”) (compare Welsh llai, Old Breton leh (“deposit, silt”)), from Proto-Celtic *legyā (“layer”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
Noun[edit]
lie f (plural lies)
Derived terms[edit]
Etymology 2[edit]
Verb[edit]
lie
- inflection of lier:
Further reading[edit]
- “lie”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams[edit]
Mandarin[edit]
Romanization[edit]
lie (lie5 / lie0, Zhuyin ˙ㄌㄧㄝ)
- Hanyu Pinyin reading of 咧.
lie
Usage notes[edit]
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Old French[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Medieval Latin lias (“lees, dregs”) (descent via winemaking common in monasteries), from Gaulish *ligyā, *legyā (“silt, sediment”) (compare Welsh llai, Old Breton leh (“deposit, silt”)), from Proto-Celtic *legyā (“layer”), from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ- (“to lie”).
Noun[edit]
lie f (oblique plural lies, nominative singular lie, nominative plural lies)
- dregs; mostly solid, undesirable leftovers of a drink
Descendants[edit]
- → English: lees
Old Irish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Proto-Celtic *līwanks (compare *līwos), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₁w- (“stone”) (compare Ancient Greek λᾶας (lâas, “stone”), Albanian lerë (“boulder”)).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
lie m (genitive lïac or lïacc)
- a stone
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit against it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 845, St. Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 65a1
- Níbu machdath do·rónta día dind lïac.
- It was not a wonder that a god would be made of the stone.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
Declension[edit]
Masculine k-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | lie | liicL | liic |
Vocative | lie | liicL | lïaca |
Accusative | liicN, lieicN | liicL | lïaca |
Genitive | lïac, lïacc | lïac, lïacc | lïacN, lïaccN |
Dative | liicL, lieicL | lïacaib | lïacaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
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Descendants[edit]
Mutation[edit]
Old Irish mutation | ||
---|---|---|
Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
lie also llie after a proclitic |
lie pronounced with /l(ʲ)-/ |
unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading[edit]
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 lía”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Spanish[edit]
Verb[edit]
lie
Swedish[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From Old Swedish līe, lē, from Old Norse lé, from Proto-Germanic *lewô, from Proto-Indo-European *leu- (“to cut”).
Pronunciation[edit]
Noun[edit]
lie c
- scythe; an instrument for mowing grass, grain, or the like.
Declension[edit]
Declension of lie | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | |||
Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
Nominative | lie | lien | liar | liarna |
Genitive | lies | liens | liars | liarnas |
Related terms[edit]
References[edit]
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/aɪ
- Rhymes:English/aɪ/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English lemmas
- English verbs
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- English copulative verbs
- English terms with archaic senses
- en:Law
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Golf
- en:Disc golf
- en:Medicine
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewgʰ-
- English colloquialisms
- English class 5 strong verbs
- English irregular verbs
- English three-letter words
- Finnish 1-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/ie
- Rhymes:Finnish/ie/1 syllable
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish verb forms
- Finnish dialectal terms
- French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
- French terms inherited from Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- French terms derived from Gaulish
- French terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- French lemmas
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French feminine nouns
- French non-lemma forms
- French verb forms
- Mandarin non-lemma forms
- Hanyu Pinyin
- Mandarin nonstandard forms
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *legʰ-
- Old French terms inherited from Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Medieval Latin
- Old French terms derived from Gaulish
- Old French terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old French lemmas
- Old French nouns
- Old French feminine nouns
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish masculine nouns
- Old Irish terms with quotations
- Old Irish k-stem nouns
- Spanish non-lemma forms
- Spanish verb forms
- Spanish forms of verbs ending in -ar
- Swedish terms derived from Old Swedish
- Swedish terms derived from Old Norse
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Swedish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns