madrugar

Portuguese

Etymology

From Old Portuguese madrugar, madurgar, from Vulgar Latin *maturicare, from Latin mātūrāre (“to hasten”).

Pronunciation

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /mɐ.ðɾu.ˈɣaɾ/
• Hyphenation: ma‧dru‧gar

Verb

madrugar (first-person singular present indicative madrugo, past participle madrugado)

1. to stay up at late nighttime (madrugada); to stay up all night
2. to pull an all-nighter

Conjugation

  Conjugation of the Portuguese -ar verb madrugar

Notes:[edit] This is a regular verb of the -ar group. The last letter g is changed to gu, depending on the following vowel, resulting in these three possible sequences: -ga-, -gue- and -go-. Verbs with this conjugation include: apagar, cegar, esmagar, largar, navegar, resmungar, sugar.
	Singular			Plural
	First-person (eu)	Second-person (tu)	Third-person (ele / ela / você)	First-person (nós)	Second-person (vós)	Third-person (eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal	madrugar
Personal	madrugar	madrugares	madrugar	madrugarmos	madrugardes	madrugarem
Gerund
	madrugando
Past participle
Masculine	madrugado			madrugados
Feminine	madrugada			madrugadas
Indicative
Present	madrugo	madrugas	madruga	madrugamos	madrugais	madrugam
Imperfect	madrugava	madrugavas	madrugava	madrugávamos	madrugáveis	madrugavam
Preterite	madruguei	madrugaste	madrugou	madrugamos madrugámos	madrugastes	madrugaram
Pluperfect	madrugara	madrugaras	madrugara	madrugáramos	madrugáreis	madrugaram
Future	madrugarei	madrugarás	madrugará	madrugaremos	madrugareis	madrugarão
Conditional
	madrugaria	madrugarias	madrugaria	madrugaríamos	madrugaríeis	madrugariam
Subjunctive
Present	madrugue	madrugues	madrugue	madruguemos	madrugueis	madruguem
Imperfect	madrugasse	madrugasses	madrugasse	madrugássemos	madrugásseis	madrugassem
Future	madrugar	madrugares	madrugar	madrugarmos	madrugardes	madrugarem
Imperative
Affirmative	-	madruga	madrugue	madruguemos	madrugai	madruguem
Negative (não)	-	madrugues	madrugue	madruguemos	madrugueis	madruguem

Derived terms

• madrugada
• madrugador

---

Spanish

Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *maturicāre, from Latin maturāre (from which also madurar). The Latin word underwent a voicing process as well as assimilation and metathesis as it descended to Spanish. It underwent voicing as it transitioned from 'c' to 'g' (madrugar) when inherited from Vulgar Latin *maturicāre with its 'i' assimilating, as well as the 'u' and 'r' undergoing metathesis. Cognate with English mature and maturate.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /madɾuˈɡaɾ/, [maðɾuˈɣaɾ]

Verb

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madrugué, past participle madrugado)

1. to get up early

Conjugation

• Rule: g becomes a gu before e.

    Conjugation of madrugar (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)^{edit data}

infinitive			madrugar
gerund			madrugando
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		madrugado		madrugada
		plural		madrugados		madrugadas
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	madrugo	madrugastú madrugásvos	madruga	madrugamos	madrugáis	madrugan
	imperfect	madrugaba	madrugabas	madrugaba	madrugábamos	madrugabais	madrugaban
	preterite	madrugué	madrugaste	madrugó	madrugamos	madrugasteis	madrugaron
	future	madrugaré	madrugarás	madrugará	madrugaremos	madrugaréis	madrugarán
	conditional	madrugaría	madrugarías	madrugaría	madrugaríamos	madrugaríais	madrugarían
subjunctive		yo	tú vos	él/ella/ello usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ellos/ellas ustedes
	present	madrugue	madruguestú madruguésvos2	madrugue	madruguemos	madruguéis	madruguen
	imperfect (ra)	madrugara	madrugaras	madrugara	madrugáramos	madrugarais	madrugaran
	imperfect (se)	madrugase	madrugases	madrugase	madrugásemos	madrugaseis	madrugasen
	future1	madrugare	madrugares	madrugare	madrugáremos	madrugareis	madrugaren
imperative		—	tú vos	usted	nosotros nosotras	vosotros vosotras	ustedes
	affirmative		madrugatú madrugávos	madrugue	madruguemos	madrugad	madruguen
	negative		no madrugues	no madrugue	no madruguemos	no madruguéis	no madruguen

• ¹ Mostly obsolete form, now mainly used in legal jargon.
• ² Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

Other verbs with this conjugation:

► Spanish verbs ending in -ar (conjugation -gar)

    Selected combined forms of madrugar^{edit data}

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
with infinitive madrugar
	dative	madrugarme	madrugarte	madrugarle, madrugarse	madrugarnos	madrugaros	madrugarles, madrugarse
	accusative	madrugarme	madrugarte	madrugarlo, madrugarla, madrugarse	madrugarnos	madrugaros	madrugarlos, madrugarlas, madrugarse
with gerund madrugando
	dative	madrugándome	madrugándote	madrugándole, madrugándose	madrugándonos	madrugándoos	madrugándoles, madrugándose
	accusative	madrugándome	madrugándote	madrugándolo, madrugándola, madrugándose	madrugándonos	madrugándoos	madrugándolos, madrugándolas, madrugándose
with informal second-person singular imperative madruga
	dative	madrúgame	madrúgate	madrúgale	madrúganos	not used	madrúgales
	accusative	madrúgame	madrúgate	madrúgalo, madrúgala	madrúganos	not used	madrúgalos, madrúgalas
with formal second-person singular imperative madrugue
	dative	madrúgueme	not used	madrúguele, madrúguese	madrúguenos	not used	madrúgueles
	accusative	madrúgueme	not used	madrúguelo, madrúguela, madrúguese	madrúguenos	not used	madrúguelos, madrúguelas
with first-person plural imperative madruguemos
	dative	not used	madruguémoste	madruguémosle	madruguémonos	madruguémoos	madruguémosles
	accusative	not used	madruguémoste	madruguémoslo, madruguémosla	madruguémonos	madruguémoos	madruguémoslos, madruguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative madrugad
	dative	madrugadme	not used	madrugadle	madrugadnos	madrugaos	madrugadles
	accusative	madrugadme	not used	madrugadlo, madrugadla	madrugadnos	madrugaos	madrugadlos, madrugadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative madruguen
	dative	madrúguenme	not used	madrúguenle	madrúguennos	not used	madrúguenles, madrúguense
	accusative	madrúguenme	not used	madrúguenlo, madrúguenla	madrúguennos	not used	madrúguenlos, madrúguenlas, madrúguense

Derived terms

• a quien madruga, Dios le ayuda
• madrugada
• madrugador
• madrugón
• no por mucho madrugar, amanece más temprano