madrugar

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Galician[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese madrugar, madurgar (the latter att. 13th. c., Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin maturāre (“hurry”) (whence Galician madurar).

Pronunciation[edit]

Verb[edit]

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madruguei, past participle madrugado)

  1. to get up early

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of madrugar (g-gu alternation)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti) 		Third-person
(el / ela / Vde.) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / Vdes.)
Infinitive
Impersonal madrugar
Personal madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugaren
Gerund
madrugando
Past participle
Masculine madrugado madrugados
Feminine madrugada madrugadas
Indicative
Present madrugo madrugas madruga madrugamos madrugades madrugan
Imperfect madrugaba madrugabas madrugaba madrugabamos madrugabades madrugaban
Preterite madruguei madrugaches madrugou madrugamos madrugastes madrugaron
Pluperfect madrugara madrugaras madrugara madrugaramos madrugarades madrugaran
Future madrugarei madrugarás madrugará madrugaremos madrugaredes madrugarán
Conditional madrugaría madrugarías madrugaría madrugariamos madrugariades madrugarían
Subjunctive
Present madrugue madrugues madrugue madruguemos madruguedes madruguen
Imperfect madrugase madrugases madrugase madrugásemos madrugásedes madrugasen
Future madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugaren
Imperative
Affirmative madruga madrugue madruguemos madrugade madruguen
Negative (non) non madrugues non madrugue non madruguemos non madruguedes non madruguen
    Reintegrated conjugation of madrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Reintegrationism)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(ti / tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal madrugar
Personal madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugarem
Gerund
madrugando
Past participle
Masculine madrugado madrugados
Feminine madrugada madrugadas
Indicative
Present madrugo madrugas madruga madrugamos madrugades, madrugais madrugam
Imperfect madrugava madrugavas madrugava madrugávamos madrugávades, madrugáveis, madrugávais1 madrugavam
Preterite madruguei madrugaste, madrugache1 madrugou madrugamos madrugastes madrugárom, madrugaram
Pluperfect madrugara madrugaras madrugara madrugáramos madrugárades, madrugáreis, madrugárais1 madrugaram
Future madrugarei madrugarás madrugará madrugaremos madrugaredes, madrugareis madrugarám, madrugarão
Conditional madrugaria madrugarias madrugaria madrugaríamos madrugaríades, madrugaríeis, madrugaríais1 madrugariam
Subjunctive
Present madrugue madrugues madrugue madruguemos madruguedes, madrugueis madruguem
Imperfect madrugasse madrugasses madrugasse madrugássemos madrugássedes, madrugásseis madrugassem
Future madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugarem
Imperative
Affirmative madruga madrugue madruguemos madrugade, madrugai madruguem
Negative (nom) nom madrugues nom madrugue nom madruguemos nom madruguedes, nom madrugueis nom madruguem

1Less recommended.

Derived terms[edit]

References[edit]

  • “madurgar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval, SLI - ILGA 2006–2022.
  • “madrug” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006–2018.
  • “madrugar” in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega, SLI - ILGA 2006–2013.
  • “madrugar” in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega, Royal Galician Academy.
  • “madrugar” in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega. Santiago: ILG.
  • “madrugar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
  • “madrugar” in Álvarez, Rosario (coord.): Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués, Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.

Portuguese[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Galician-Portuguese madrugar, madurgar, from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin maturāre (“hurry”) (whence Portuguese madurar).

Pronunciation[edit]

 
 
  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /mɐ.dɾuˈɡaɾ/ [mɐ.ðɾuˈɣaɾ]
    • (Southern Portugal) IPA(key): /mɐ.dɾuˈɡa.ɾi/ [mɐ.ðɾuˈɣa.ɾi]

  • Hyphenation: ma‧dru‧gar

Verb[edit]

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madruguei, past participle madrugado)

  1. to stay up at late nighttime (madrugada); to stay up all night
  2. to pull an all-nighter

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of madrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Portuguese verbs)
Singular Plural
First-person
(eu) 		Second-person
(tu) 		Third-person
(ele / ela / você) 		First-person
(nós) 		Second-person
(vós) 		Third-person
(eles / elas / vocês)
Infinitive
Impersonal madrugar
Personal madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugarem
Gerund
madrugando
Past participle
Masculine madrugado madrugados
Feminine madrugada madrugadas
Indicative
Present madrugo madrugas madruga madrugamos madrugais madrugam
Imperfect madrugava madrugavas madrugava madrugávamos madrugáveis madrugavam
Preterite madruguei madrugaste madrugou madrugamos1, madrugámos2 madrugastes madrugaram
Pluperfect madrugara madrugaras madrugara madrugáramos madrugáreis madrugaram
Future madrugarei madrugarás madrugará madrugaremos madrugareis madrugarão
Conditional madrugaria madrugarias madrugaria madrugaríamos madrugaríeis madrugariam
Subjunctive
Present madrugue madrugues madrugue madruguemos madrugueis madruguem
Imperfect madrugasse madrugasses madrugasse madrugássemos madrugásseis madrugassem
Future madrugar madrugares madrugar madrugarmos madrugardes madrugarem
Imperative
Affirmative madruga madrugue madruguemos madrugai madruguem
Negative (não) não madrugues não madrugue não madruguemos não madrugueis não madruguem

1Brazilian Portuguese.
2European Portuguese.

Derived terms[edit]

Spanish[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Old Spanish madrugar, madurgar, from Vulgar Latin *mātūricāre, derived from Latin maturāre (“hurry”) (whence Spanish madurar).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /madɾuˈɡaɾ/ [ma.ð̞ɾuˈɣ̞aɾ]
  • Rhymes: -aɾ
  • Syllabification: ma‧dru‧gar

Verb[edit]

madrugar (first-person singular present madrugo, first-person singular preterite madrugué, past participle madrugado)

  1. to get up early

Conjugation[edit]

    Conjugation of madrugar (g-gu alternation) (See Appendix:Spanish verbs)
infinitive madrugar
gerund madrugando
past participle masculine feminine
singular madrugado madrugada
plural madrugados madrugadas
singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
indicative yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present madrugo madrugastú
madrugásvos 		madruga madrugamos madrugáis madrugan
imperfect madrugaba madrugabas madrugaba madrugábamos madrugabais madrugaban
preterite madrugué madrugaste madrugó madrugamos madrugasteis madrugaron
future madrugaré madrugarás madrugará madrugaremos madrugaréis madrugarán
conditional madrugaría madrugarías madrugaría madrugaríamos madrugaríais madrugarían
subjunctive yo tú
vos 		él/ella/ello
usted 		nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ellos/ellas
ustedes
present madrugue madruguestú
madruguésvos2 		madrugue madruguemos madruguéis madruguen
imperfect
(ra) 		madrugara madrugaras madrugara madrugáramos madrugarais madrugaran
imperfect
(se) 		madrugase madrugases madrugase madrugásemos madrugaseis madrugasen
future1 madrugare madrugares madrugare madrugáremos madrugareis madrugaren
imperative — tú
vos 		usted nosotros
nosotras 		vosotros
vosotras 		ustedes
affirmative madrugatú
madrugávos 		madrugue madruguemos madrugad madruguen
negative no madrugues no madrugue no madruguemos no madruguéis no madruguen

1Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language.
2Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

    Selected combined forms of madrugar (g-gu alternation)

These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

singular plural
1st person 2nd person 3rd person 1st person 2nd person 3rd person
with infinitive madrugar
dative madrugarme madrugarte madrugarle, madrugarse madrugarnos madrugaros madrugarles, madrugarse
accusative madrugarme madrugarte madrugarlo, madrugarla, madrugarse madrugarnos madrugaros madrugarlos, madrugarlas, madrugarse
with gerund madrugando
dative madrugándome madrugándote madrugándole, madrugándose madrugándonos madrugándoos madrugándoles, madrugándose
accusative madrugándome madrugándote madrugándolo, madrugándola, madrugándose madrugándonos madrugándoos madrugándolos, madrugándolas, madrugándose
with informal second-person singular tú imperative madruga
dative madrúgame madrúgate madrúgale madrúganos not used madrúgales
accusative madrúgame madrúgate madrúgalo, madrúgala madrúganos not used madrúgalos, madrúgalas
with informal second-person singular vos imperative madrugá
dative madrugame madrugate madrugale madruganos not used madrugales
accusative madrugame madrugate madrugalo, madrugala madruganos not used madrugalos, madrugalas
with formal second-person singular imperative madrugue
dative madrúgueme not used madrúguele, madrúguese madrúguenos not used madrúgueles
accusative madrúgueme not used madrúguelo, madrúguela, madrúguese madrúguenos not used madrúguelos, madrúguelas
with first-person plural imperative madruguemos
dative not used madruguémoste madruguémosle madruguémonos madruguémoos madruguémosles
accusative not used madruguémoste madruguémoslo, madruguémosla madruguémonos madruguémoos madruguémoslos, madruguémoslas
with informal second-person plural imperative madrugad
dative madrugadme not used madrugadle madrugadnos madrugaos madrugadles
accusative madrugadme not used madrugadlo, madrugadla madrugadnos madrugaos madrugadlos, madrugadlas
with formal second-person plural imperative madruguen
dative madrúguenme not used madrúguenle madrúguennos not used madrúguenles, madrúguense
accusative madrúguenme not used madrúguenlo, madrúguenla madrúguennos not used madrúguenlos, madrúguenlas, madrúguense

Derived terms[edit]

Further reading[edit]

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