manifest

See also: Manifest

English

WOTD – 1 November 2010

Etymology

From Middle English manifest, manifeste, from Latin manifestus, manufestus (“palpable, manifest”), from manus (“hand”) + *infestus, participle of *infendō (“strike”) (from the root of dēfendō, offendō, etc.), or from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-. Doublet of manifesto.

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /ˈmæn.ɪ.fɛst/, /ˈmæn.ə.fɛst/

• Audio (US):

  (file)

• Audio (General Australian):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ænɪfɛst, -ænəfɛst
• Hyphenation: man‧i‧fest

Adjective

manifest (comparative more manifest, superlative most manifest)

1. Evident to the senses, especially to the sight; apparent; distinctly perceived.
   • 2017 October 27, Alex McLevy, “Making a Killing: The Brief Life and Bloody Death of the Post-Scream Slasher Revival”, in The A.V. Club‎^[1], archived from the original on 5 March 2018:

     It re-envisioned Freddy Krueger in the “real world,” where the nightmare-dwelling being is made manifest in our reality, one where Freddy actor Robert Englund and original Nightmare On Elm Street star Heather Langenkamp play themselves, as does [Wes] Craven himself.

   • 1611, The Holy Bible, […] (King James Version), London: […] Robert Barker, […], →OCLC, Hebrews 4:13:

     Neither is there any creature that is not manifest in his sight […]

2. Obvious to the understanding; apparent to the mind; easily apprehensible; plain; not obscure or hidden.
3. (rare, used with "of") Detected; convicted.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Palamon and Arcite: Or, The Knight’s Tale. In Three Books.”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book II, page 47:

     Caliſtho there ſtood manifeſt of Shame, / And turn’d a Bear, the Northern Star became […]

Synonyms

• (evident to the senses, easy to understand): apparent, plain, clear, distinct, obvious, palpable, patent
• See also Thesaurus:obvious.

Derived terms

• immanifest
• manifest content
• manifest destiny
• manifestness
• nonmanifest
• premanifest
• unmanifest

Translations

evident to the senses, especially to the sight; apparent

• Arabic: ظَاهِر (ẓāhir)
• Bulgarian: я́вен (bg) (jáven), очеви́ден (bg) (očevíden)
• Catalan: manifest (ca)
• Danish: manifest (da), håndgribelig, konkret (da), åbenbar
• Finnish: ilmeinen (fi), ilmiselvä (fi)
• French: manifeste (fr) m or f
• German: manifest (de)
• Gothic: 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐍃 (bairhts)
• Greek:

  Ancient: φανερός (phanerós)

• Hungarian: szembeszökő (hu)
• Italian: manifesto (it) m
• Japanese: 明らかな (ja) (あきらかな, akiraka na)
• Latin: manifestus
• Maori: ariari
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: manifest, åpenbar (no)

• Ottoman Turkish: آچق (açık), بللی (belli), ظاهر (zahir), منجلی (münceli), دركار (derkâr)
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt), evidente (pt)
• Russian: я́вный (ru) (jávnyj), очеви́дный (ru) (očevídnyj)
• Spanish: manifiesto (es), evidente (es)
• Swedish: manifest (sv), uppenbar (sv), tydlig (sv)
• Telugu: వ్యక్తము (te) (vyaktamu), విదితము (te) (viditamu), గోచరము (te) (gōcaramu)
• Turkish: belli (tr)

obvious to the understanding, easily apprehensible

• Danish: tydelig, forståelig
• Finnish: ilmeinen (fi)
• Japanese: 明白な (ja) (めいはくな, meihaku na)
• Korean: 명백하다 (ko) (myeongbaekhada)
• Latin: manifestus
• Ottoman Turkish: آچق (açık), بللی (belli), ظاهر (zahir), منجلی (münceli), دركار (derkâr)
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt), óbvio (pt)
• Russian: поня́тный (ru) (ponjátnyj)
• Spanish: manifiesto (es)
• Swedish: uppenbar (sv), tydlig (sv)

detected; convicted

• Catalan: manifest (ca)
• Finnish: ilmentymä (fi)

Noun

manifest (plural manifests)

1. A list or invoice of the passengers or goods being carried by a commercial vehicle or ship.

   Coordinate terms: bill of goods, bill of sale, schedule

   Near-synonym: bill of lading

   ship's manifest

2. (computing) A file containing metadata describing other files.
3. (obsolete) A public declaration; an open statement; a manifesto.
   • 1700, [John] Dryden, “Homer’s Ilias”, in Fables Ancient and Modern; […], London: […] Jacob Tonson, […], →OCLC, book I, pages 206–7:

     But you, authentick Witneſſes I bring, / Before the gods, and your ungrateful King, / Of this my Manifeſt : That never more / This Hand ſhall combate on the crooked Shore : / No, let the Grecian Powers oppreſs’d in Fight, / Unpity’d periſh in their Tyrants fight.

Derived terms

• flight interruption manifest
• manifest file
• manifest typing

Translations

list of passengers or goods

• Bulgarian: манифе́ст (bg) m (manifést)
• Dutch: manifest (nl) f, vrachtbrief (nl) m, vrachtlijst f
• Finnish: luettelo (fi); matkustajaluettelo, rahtiluettelo
• French: manifeste (fr), bordereau (fr)
• German: Ladungsliste f
• Hungarian: utaslista (hu) (passengers), rakományjegyzék (goods), csomagjegyzék (goods), tételjegyzék (goods), ládalista (goods), konszignáció (hu) (goods)
• Indonesian: manifes (id)
• Japanese: 積荷目録 (つみにもくろく, tsumini mokuroku)
• Plautdietsch: Lodzadel m
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt) m
• Spanish: declaración de carga, sobordo
• Turkish: gümrük bildirimi

obsolete: public declaration

• Albanian: manifest (sq) m
• Arabic: بَيَان (ar) m (bayān)
• Armenian: մանիֆեստ (hy) (manifest)
• Belarusian: маніфе́ст m (manifjést), маніфэ́ст m (manifést), дэклара́цыя f (deklarácyja)
• Bulgarian: манифе́ст (bg) m (manifést)
• Catalan: manifest (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 聲明 / 声明 (zh) (shēngmíng), 宣言 (zh) (xuānyán)

• Czech: manifest (cs) m
• Danish: manifest (da) n
• Dutch: manifest (nl) n
• Esperanto: manifesto (eo)
• Estonian: manifest (et)
• Finnish: manifesti (fi)
• French: profession de foi (fr) f, manifeste (fr) m, proclamation (fr) f, déclaration (fr) f, mise au point (fr) f
• Georgian: მანიფესტი (manipesṭi)
• German: Manifest (de) f
• Greek: μανιφέστο (el) n (manifésto)
• Hindi: घोषणापत्र m (ghoṣṇāpatra)
• Hungarian: kiáltvány (hu)
• Italian: manifesto (it) m
• Japanese: 宣言 (ja) (せんげん, sengen)
• Kazakh: манифест (manifest)
• Korean: 선언(宣言) (ko) (seoneon)
• Kyrgyz: манифест (manifest)
• Latvian: manifests m
• Lithuanian: manifestas (lt) m
• Macedonian: ма́нифест m (mánifest)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: тунхаг (mn) (tunxag)

• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: manifest n

• Persian: مانیفست (fa) (mânifest)
• Polish: manifest (pl) m
• Portuguese: manifesto (pt) m
• Romanian: manifest (ro) n
• Russian: манифе́ст (ru) m (manifést), деклара́ция (ru) f (deklarácija)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: манѝфест m

  Roman: manìfest (sh) m

• Slovak: manifest m
• Slovene: manifest (sl) m
• Spanish: profesión de fe, manifiesto (es), proclamación (es), declaración (es)
• Swedish: manifest (sv) n
• Tajik: манифест (manifest)
• Turkish: manifesto (tr)
• Ukrainian: маніфе́ст m (manifést), деклара́ція (uk) f (deklarácija)
• Uzbek: manifest (uz)
• Vietnamese: tuyên ngôn (vi)

Verb

manifest (third-person singular simple present manifests, present participle manifesting, simple past and past participle manifested)

1. (transitive) To show plainly; to make to appear distinctly, usually to the mind; to put beyond question or doubt; to display; to exhibit.

   His courage manifested itself through the look on his face.

   • c. 1603–1604 (date written), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Othello, the Moore of Venice”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act I, scene ii], page 312, column 1:

     My Parts, my Title, and my perfect Soule / Shall manifeſt me rightly.

   • 1988, Dennis Marcellino, Sweeping it under the drug, page 123:

     And usually this manifests as them trying to prove their parent's criticism's and belittlings wrong.

   • 2012 April 19, Josh Halliday, “Free speech haven or lawless cesspool – can the internet be civilised?”, in The Guardian‎^[2]:

     Other global taboos, such as sex and suicide, manifest themselves widely online, with websites offering suicide guides and Hot XXX Action seconds away at the click of a button. The UK government will come under pressure to block access to pornographic websites this year when a committee of MPs publishes its report on protecting children online.

   • 2012, Justin D. Yeakel et al., “Stable isotopes, functional morphology, and human evolution: a model of consilience”, in arXiv‎^[3]:

     Molar enamel thickness is a morphological trait that differentiates African apes from hominins, being manifested most dramatically in the megadont hominins (Paranthropus spp.) with hyperthick enamel.

   • 2019 September 24, Jessie Yeung, quoting Pope Francis, “Pope Francis loves nouns but is ‘allergic’ to adjectives”, in CNN‎^[4], archived from the original on 27 September 2019:

     Communication is a kind of beauty, he said – and “beauty manifests itself from the noun itself, without strawberries on the cake.”

2. (intransitive) To become manifest; to be revealed.

   His osteoporosis first manifested as pain in his hips.

3. (transitive, initially occult, now slang) To will something to exist.
   • 1982, Shakti Gawain, The Creative Visualization Workbook‎^[5]:

     The process of creating your treasure map is a powerful step toward manifesting your goal. Now just spend a few minutes each day looking at it […]

   • 2014, Adrian Calabrese, How to Get Everything You Ever Wanted: Complete Guide to Using Your Psychic Common Sense‎^[6]:

     Undaunted by poverty, I decided to manifest a new car.

   • 2021, Kyle Buchanan, “Dominique Fishback Gave Her Heart to ‘Judas and the Black Messiah’”, in The New York Times‎^[7]:

     To Fishback, the project is a perfect fit. “I’ve been manifesting a romance role for a really long time,” she said,

4. (transitive) To exhibit the manifests or prepared invoices of; to declare at the customhouse.

Conjugation

Conjugation of manifest

infinitive	(to) manifest
	present tense	past tense
1st-person singular	manifest	manifested
2nd-person singular	manifest, manifestest†	manifested, manifestedst†
3rd-person singular	manifests, manifesteth†	manifested
plural	manifest
subjunctive	manifest	manifested
imperative	manifest	—
participles	manifesting	manifested

^† Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms

• manifestable
• manifestative
• nonmanifesting
• unmanifesting

Translations

(transitive) to show plainly; to make to appear distinctly

• Belarusian: праяўля́ць impf (prajawljácʹ), праяві́ць pf (prajavícʹ)
• Bulgarian: проявявам (bg) (projavjavam), показвам (bg) (pokazvam)
• Catalan: manifestar (ca)
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 表明 (zh) (biǎomíng), 表露 (zh) (biǎolù), 顯示 / 显示 (zh) (xiǎnshì), 表現 / 表现 (zh) (biǎoxiàn)

• Czech: projevovat (cs) impf, projevit (cs) pf
• Danish: manifestere (da)
• Dutch: manifesteren (nl)
• Esperanto: manifesti
• Finnish: ilmaista (fi), tuoda ilmi, tuoda julki, ilmetä (fi)
• French: manifester (fr)
• Galician: manifestar (gl)
• German: manifestieren (de)
• Gothic: 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐍅𐌹𐌺𐌿𐌽𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaswikunþjan)
• Greek:

  Ancient: φανερόω (phaneróō)

• Italian: manifestare (it)
• Japanese: 表明する (hyōmei-suru)
• Korean: 나타나다 (ko) (natanada)
• Ligurian: fâ vedde
• Maori: whakatinana, whakaehu (dimly)
• Norwegian: manifestere
• Portuguese: manifestar (pt)
• Romanian: se manifesta
• Romansch: manifestar (rm)
• Russian: проявля́ть (ru) impf (projavljátʹ), прояви́ть (ru) pf (projavítʹ)
• Scots: manifest
• Spanish: manifestar (es), mostrar (es), revelar (es)
• Swedish: manifestera (sv)
• Ukrainian: проявля́ти impf (projavljáty), прояви́ти pf (projavýty), виявля́ти (uk) impf (vyjavljáty), ви́явити (uk) pf (výjavyty)
• Vietnamese: biểu hiện (vi) (表現)

(intransitive) to become manifest; to be revealed

• Arabic: تَظَاهَرَ (taẓāhara)
• Belarusian: праяўля́цца impf (prajawljácca), праяві́цца pf (prajavícca)
• French: se manifester (fr)
• Czech: projevovat se (cs) impf, projevit se (cs) pf
• Russian: проявля́ться (ru) impf (projavljátʹsja), прояви́ться (ru) pf (projavítʹsja)
• Spanish: manifestarse (es)
• Ukrainian: проявля́тися impf (projavljátysja), прояви́тися pf (projavýtysja), виявля́тися impf (vyjavljátysja), ви́явитися pf (výjavytysja)

(transitive) to exhibit the manifests or prepared invoices of; to declare at the customhouse

• Bulgarian: декларирам (bg) (deklariram)
• Finnish: selvittää (fi), ilmoittaa (fi)
• Portuguese: dar ao manifesto

Related terms

• manifestation
• manifestly
• manifesto

Further reading

• “manifest”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
• “manifest”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
• William Dwight Whitney, Benjamin E[li] Smith, editors (1911), “manifest”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., →OCLC.
• Manifest in the Encyclopædia Britannica (11th edition, 1911)

Anagrams

• antifems

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central, Balearic) [mə.niˈfest]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ma.niˈfest]

• Audio (Barcelona):

  (file)

Adjective

manifest (feminine manifesta, masculine plural manifests or manifestos, feminine plural manifestes)

1. manifest, obvious

Noun

manifest m (plural manifests or manifestos)

1. manifesto

Crimean Tatar

Etymology

From Latin manifestare (“make public, declare”).

Noun

manifest

1. manifesto

Declension

Declension of manifest

nominative	manifest
genitive	manifestniñ
dative	manifestke
accusative	manifestni
locative	manifestte
ablative	manifestten

References

• Mirjejev, V. A.; Usejinov, S. M. (2002), Ukrajinsʹko-krymsʹkotatarsʹkyj slovnyk [Ukrainian – Crimean Tatar Dictionary]‎^[8], Simferopol: Dolya, →ISBN

Czech

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈmaɲɪfɛst]

Noun

manifest m inan

1. manifesto

Declension

Declension of manifest (hard masculine inanimate)

	singular	plural
nominative	manifest	manifesty
genitive	manifestu	manifestů
dative	manifestu	manifestům
accusative	manifest	manifesty
vocative	manifeste	manifesty
locative	manifestě, manifestu	manifestech
instrumental	manifestem	manifesty

Related terms

• manifestace
• manifestovat

Further reading

• “manifest”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “manifest”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989
• “manifest”, in Akademický slovník cizích slov at prirucka.ujc.cas.cz [Academic dictionary of foreign words] (in Czech), 1995

Danish

Noun

manifest n (singular definite manifestet, plural indefinite manifester)

1. manifesto

Declension

Declension of manifest

neuter gender	singular		plural
	indefinite	definite	indefinite	definite
nominative	manifest	manifestet	manifester	manifesterne
genitive	manifests	manifestets	manifesters	manifesternes

References

• “manifest” in Den Danske Ordbog

Dutch

Etymology

Borrowed from Middle French manifeste.

Pronunciation

• Audio:

  (file)

Noun

manifest n (plural manifesten, diminutive manifestje n)

1. manifest

Adjective

manifest (not comparable)

1. manifest; obvious, undeniable

Declension

Declension of manifest
uninflected	manifest
inflected	manifeste
comparative	—
		positive
predicative/adverbial		manifest
indefinite	m./f. sing.	manifeste
	n. sing.	manifest
	plural	manifeste
definite		manifeste
partitive		manifests

Related terms

• manifestatie
• manifesteren

German

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maniˈfɛst/
• Rhymes: -ɛst

• Audio:

  (file)

Adjective

manifest (strong nominative masculine singular manifester, comparative manifester, superlative am manifestesten)

1. manifest

Declension

Positive forms of manifest

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist manifest	sie ist manifest	es ist manifest	sie sind manifest
strong declension (without article)	nominative	manifester	manifeste	manifestes	manifeste
	genitive	manifesten	manifester	manifesten	manifester
	dative	manifestem	manifester	manifestem	manifesten
	accusative	manifesten	manifeste	manifestes	manifeste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der manifeste	die manifeste	das manifeste	die manifesten
	genitive	des manifesten	der manifesten	des manifesten	der manifesten
	dative	dem manifesten	der manifesten	dem manifesten	den manifesten
	accusative	den manifesten	die manifeste	das manifeste	die manifesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein manifester	eine manifeste	ein manifestes	(keine) manifesten
	genitive	eines manifesten	einer manifesten	eines manifesten	(keiner) manifesten
	dative	einem manifesten	einer manifesten	einem manifesten	(keinen) manifesten
	accusative	einen manifesten	eine manifeste	ein manifestes	(keine) manifesten

Comparative forms of manifest

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist manifester	sie ist manifester	es ist manifester	sie sind manifester
strong declension (without article)	nominative	manifesterer	manifestere	manifesteres	manifestere
	genitive	manifesteren	manifesterer	manifesteren	manifesterer
	dative	manifesterem	manifesterer	manifesterem	manifesteren
	accusative	manifesteren	manifestere	manifesteres	manifestere
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der manifestere	die manifestere	das manifestere	die manifesteren
	genitive	des manifesteren	der manifesteren	des manifesteren	der manifesteren
	dative	dem manifesteren	der manifesteren	dem manifesteren	den manifesteren
	accusative	den manifesteren	die manifestere	das manifestere	die manifesteren
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein manifesterer	eine manifestere	ein manifesteres	(keine) manifesteren
	genitive	eines manifesteren	einer manifesteren	eines manifesteren	(keiner) manifesteren
	dative	einem manifesteren	einer manifesteren	einem manifesteren	(keinen) manifesteren
	accusative	einen manifesteren	eine manifestere	ein manifesteres	(keine) manifesteren

Superlative forms of manifest

number & gender		singular			plural
		masculine	feminine	neuter
predicative		er ist am manifestesten	sie ist am manifestesten	es ist am manifestesten	sie sind am manifestesten
strong declension (without article)	nominative	manifestester	manifesteste	manifestestes	manifesteste
	genitive	manifestesten	manifestester	manifestesten	manifestester
	dative	manifestestem	manifestester	manifestestem	manifestesten
	accusative	manifestesten	manifesteste	manifestestes	manifesteste
weak declension (with definite article)	nominative	der manifesteste	die manifesteste	das manifesteste	die manifestesten
	genitive	des manifestesten	der manifestesten	des manifestesten	der manifestesten
	dative	dem manifestesten	der manifestesten	dem manifestesten	den manifestesten
	accusative	den manifestesten	die manifesteste	das manifesteste	die manifestesten
mixed declension (with indefinite article)	nominative	ein manifestester	eine manifesteste	ein manifestestes	(keine) manifestesten
	genitive	eines manifestesten	einer manifestesten	eines manifestesten	(keiner) manifestesten
	dative	einem manifestesten	einer manifestesten	einem manifestesten	(keinen) manifestesten
	accusative	einen manifestesten	eine manifesteste	ein manifestestes	(keine) manifestesten

Further reading

• “manifest” in Duden online
• “manifest” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache

Maltese

Etymology

Borrowed from Italian manifesto.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ma.nɪˈfɛːst/
• Rhymes: -ɛːst

Noun

manifest m (plural manifesti)

1. manifesto (public declaration)

Related terms

• manifestazzjoni
• mmanifesta

Norwegian Bokmål

Etymology

From Latin manifestus.

Noun

manifest n (definite singular manifestet, indefinite plural manifest or manifester, definite plural manifesta or manifestene)

1. a manifesto

References

• “manifest” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

Norwegian Nynorsk

Etymology

From Latin manifestus.

Noun

manifest n (definite singular manifestet, indefinite plural manifest, definite plural manifesta)

1. a manifesto

References

• “manifest” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

Polish

Etymology

Borrowed from French manifeste, from Middle French manifeste, from Latin manifēstus, manufestus (“palpable, manifest”), from manus (“hand”) + *infestus, participle of *infendere "strike".

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /maˈɲi.fɛst/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ifɛst
• Syllabification: ma‧ni‧fest

Noun

manifest m inan

1. manifesto (public declaration)

Declension

Declension of manifest

	singular	plural
nominative	manifest	manifesty
genitive	manifestu	manifestów
dative	manifestowi	manifestom
accusative	manifest	manifesty
instrumental	manifestem	manifestami
locative	manifeście	manifestach
vocative	manifeście	manifesty

Further reading

• manifest in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• manifest in Polish dictionaries at PWN

Romanian

Etymology

Borrowed from French manifeste.

Noun

manifest n (plural manifești)

1. manifest

Declension

	singular			plural
	indefinite	definite		indefinite	definite
nominative-accusative	manifest	manifestul		manifești	manifeștile
genitive-dative	manifest	manifestului		manifești	manifeștilor
vocative	manifestule			manifeștilor

Scots

Etymology

From English manifest.

Verb

manifest (third-person singular simple present manifests, present participle manifestin, simple past and past participle manifestit)

1. to manifest

Swedish

Adjective

manifest (not comparable)

1. manifest

Declension

Inflection of manifest

Indefinite	positive	comparative	superlative1
common singular	manifest	—	—
neuter singular	manifestt	—	—
plural	manifesta	—	—
masculine plural2	manifeste	—	—
Definite	positive	comparative	superlative
masculine singular3	manifeste	—	—
all	manifesta	—	—

¹ The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative.
² Dated or archaic.
³ Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine.

Noun

manifest n

1. a manifesto

   fila på ett manifest

   work on a manifesto

Declension

Declension of manifest

		nominative	genitive
singular	indefinite	manifest	manifests
	definite	manifestet	manifestets
plural	indefinite	manifest	manifests
	definite	manifesten	manifestens

Related terms

• manifestation
• manifestera

References

• manifest in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• manifest in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• manifest in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)