naazhtéézh
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[edit]
Etymology[edit]
na- (atelic, circuital) + -z- (si-perfective 3rd person subject prefix) + -∅- (classifier) + -téézh (neuter perfective stem of root -TÉÉZH, “to lie — 2 actors”).
Verb[edit]
naazhtéézh
- they (animate things) lie around somewhere in pairs
Usage notes[edit]
This verb refers to multiple pairs. Also occurs with distributive da- as ndaazhtéézh, referring to a greater plurality of pairs.
For a single pair, use the verb shitéézh.
The stem used for subjects in pairs is different from the stem used for subjects acting individually or in groups. For separate subjects, see naaztį́; for subjects in groups of three or more, see naazhtéézh.
This is a neuter verb that uses only the perfective mode.
Conjugation[edit]
Paradigm: Neuter perfective (si).
| PERFECTIVE | singular | duoplural | plural |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person | — | nishiitéézh | ndashiitéézh |
| 2nd person | — | nishootéézh | ndashootéézh |
| 3rd person | naazhtéézh | ndaazhtéézh | |
| 4th person | njizhtéézh | ndajizhtéézh | |
See also[edit]
| Navajo Classificatory Themes | Plural objects lie around (Handle stem) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Class | Examples | Handle | Propel | Moves | ||
| SRO | generic | ∅-ʼĄ́ | ∅-NEʼ | l-TSʼID | naazʼą́ | |
| SFO | rope; pairs; unknown; conglomerate |
∅-LÁ | ł / ∅ -DÉÉL | naazlá | ||
| FFO | sheet, paper | ł-TSOOZ | ∅-ʼAH | ∅-NAʼ | naastsooz | |
| SSO | stick, pole | ∅-TĄ́ | ł-TʼEʼ | ∅-KĘ́Ę́Z | naaztą́ | |
| AnO | animate, doll | ł-TĮ́ | ∅-GOʼ | ∅-TŁIZH | naaztį́ | |
| NCM | wig, hay; fog | ł / ł / ∅ -JOOL | naazhjool | |||
| MM | butter; frog | ∅-TŁÉÉʼ | ł-YĘ́Ę́ZH | naaztłééʼ | ||
| LPB | load, burden | ∅-YĮ́ | naazyį́ | |||
| PlO1 | severality | ∅-NIL | ni-∅ | -DEEʼ | naaznil | |
| PlO2 | profusion | ∅-JAAʼ | ł-KAAD | ∅-KAAD | naazhjaaʼ | |
| OC | severality/profusion in a container |
∅-KĄ́ | ł-DÁÁZ | naazką́ | ||
| Flat | toppled wall, blanket, bushes |
— | — | — | naazkaad | |
| Bulk | boulder | ł-ZHÓÓD | — | l-ZHÓÓD | naazhóód | |
| Stream | liquid, sand, dust | ∅-ZIID | — | — | naaziid | |
| Navajo Positional Themes | Plural objects in position (Intrans. Neuter) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Position | Number of participants |
Intransitive | Transitive | Root | |||
| Active | Neuter | Active | Neuter | ||||
| LIE | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -TĮ́ | naaztį́ |
| 2 | -TÉÉZH | naazhtéézh | |||||
| 3+ | -JÉÉʼ | naazhjééʼ | |||||
| SIT | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -DÁ | naazdá |
| 2 | -KÉ | naazké | |||||
| 3+ | dini-∅ | hí-(-TĄ́) | dini-ł | — | -BIN | naháaztą́ | |
| STAND | 1 | ni-∅- | ∅- | ni-ł- | ł- | -ZĮʼ | naazį́ |