ostatni

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See also: ostatní and ôstatni

Old Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ostatьnъ. By surface analysis, ostać +‎ -ni. The reason ostatni became the default form over ostatny is due to the fact that -tń-/-dń- is easier to pronounce than -tn-/-dn-.[1] First attested in 1401.[2]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /ɔstatniː/
  • IPA(key): (15th CE) /ɔstatni/

Adjective

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ostatni

  1. (attested in Southern Borderlands) last, final, ultimate (at the end of a series)
    • 1887 [1466], Archiwum książąt Lubartowiczów Sanguszków w Sławucie. T. 1, 1366-1506[1], volume II, Lviv, page 206:
      Ibi stetimus et fecimus... acialem scopulum et finalem al. ostatnia naroznica
      [Ibi stetimus et fecimus... acialem scopulum et finalem al. ostatnią narożnicę]
  2. remaining, left, remainder
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “III Reg”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[2], 20, 19:
      Wiszly slugy ksyøszøt wloscy y ostatnya woyska (reliquus exercitus) szla za nymy
      [Wyszli sługi książąt włości i ostatnia wojska (reliquus exercitus) szła za nimi]
  3. different, other
    • 1930 [c. 1455], “I Par”, in Ludwik Bernacki, editor, Biblia królowej Zofii (Biblia szaroszpatacka)[3], 24, 6:
      Geden dom, gen mymo gyne bil powiszon, Eleazarow, a drugy dom, gen pod sobø myal osta[t]nye (quae sub se habebat ceteros), Ytamarowy
      [Jeden dom, jen mimo jine był powyszon, Eleazarow, a drugi dom, jen pod sobą miał osta[t]nie (quae sub se habebat ceteros), Itamarow[i]]

Descendants

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  • Polish: ostatni
  • Silesian: ôstatni

References

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  1. ^ Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000) “ostatni”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
  2. ^ Boryś, Wiesław (2005) “ostatni”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
  • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “ostatni, ostatny”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

Polish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Inherited from Old Polish ostatni. By surface analysis, ostać +‎ -ni.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ɔˈstat.ɲi/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -atɲi
  • Syllabification: o‧stat‧ni

Adjective

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ostatni (not comparable, derived adverb ostatnio)

  1. last, final, ultimate (at the end of a series)
  2. last, final, ultimate (such that there will be no other after)
  3. last, most recent (having occurred the closest to the present)
  4. last (lowest in quality)
  5. last (farthest of all from a given quality, character, or condition; most unlikely, or least preferable)
  6. (archaic, sometimes nominalized) ultimate, utmost, uttermost
    Synonyms: ostateczny, krańcowy, szczytowy

Declension

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Derived terms

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adjective
adverb
nouns
phrase
proverb
verbs

Trivia

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According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), ostatni is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 65 times in scientific texts, 121 times in news, 62 times in essays, 57 times in fiction, and 34 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 339 times, making it the 149th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

References

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  1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990) “ostatni”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków, Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 344

Further reading

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