periculum

English

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin periculum. Doublet of peril.

Noun

periculum (plural pericula)

1. (law) accident or casus, as distinguished from dolus and culpa, and hence relieving one from the duty of performing an obligation

   periculum rei

   • 2011, Verónica Ruiz Abou-Nigm, The Arrest of Ships in Private International Law, →ISBN, page 87:

     In English law, along with the characterization of ship arrest as an inherent part of the in rem claim, there is no need to show periculum in mora.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for “periculum”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

Latin

Alternative forms

• perīclum

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Italic *per-ei-klom, itself from the affixation of *-klom to an ablauting athematic i-present *pérh₃-i- ~ *pr̥h₃-éy-, which belongs to the root *perh₃- (“to go through, carry forth, attempt”). De Vaan considers this i-present to also be the source for pariō, though the etymology of this verb is disputed and there are alternative explanations. Alternatively, Weiss derives the term from a putative fourth conjugation verb *perī-rī, which is perhaps also evidenced by experior (“to try”) and perītus (“experienced, skilled”).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [pɛˈriː.kʊ.ɫũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [peˈriː.ku.lum]

Noun

perīculum n (genitive perīculī); second declension

1. trial, experiment, attempt, proof, essay
2. risk, hazard, danger, peril
3. ruin, destruction
4. (law) trial, action, suit
5. writ of judgment or judgement, sentence
6. (attack of) sickness

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	perīculum	perīcula
genitive	perīculī	perīculōrum
dative	perīculō	perīculīs
accusative	perīculum	perīcula
ablative	perīculō	perīculīs
vocative	perīculum	perīcula

Synonyms

• (experiment, proof, trial): experientia, experīmentum, tentāmentum, tentātiō
• (risk): discrīmen
• (judgment or judgement): iūdicium
• (suit, trial): causa

Derived terms

• perīclitor
• perīculor
• perīculōsus

Related terms

• perīclitābundus
• perīclitātiō
• perīculōsē

Descendants

• Asturian: peligru
• Old Occitan: perilh
  • Catalan: perill
  • → Italian: periglio
  • Occitan: perilh
• Leonese: peligru
• Mirandese: peligro
• Old French: peril
  • French: péril
  • Norman: péthi
  • → Middle English: peril
    • English: peril
• Old Galician-Portuguese: perigoo
  • Galician: perigo
  • Portuguese: perigo
• Romansh: privel, prighel, prievel
• Sardinian: perículu, perígulu, pirígulu
• Sicilian: pirìculu
• Venetan: pericoło, pericol, perigoło, pericolo

Borrowings

• → Classical Gaelic: peiriacail
  • → Irish: priacal
  • → Scottish Gaelic: peirigill
• → Dutch: perikel
• → Friulian: pericul
• → Italian: pericolo
  • → Romanian: pericol
• → Ladin: pericul
• → Old Spanish: peligro, periglo (semi-learned)
  • Ladino: peligro / פיליגרו
  • Spanish: peligro (see there for further descendants)
• → Proto-Brythonic: *perigl
  • Breton: pirilh
  • Cornish: peryl
  • Middle Welsh: perigl, perygyl
    • Welsh: perygl

References

• “periculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “periculum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "periculum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “periculum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere)
    
  • to be in danger: in periculo esse or versari
    
  • to find oneself in a hazardous position: in pericula incidere, incurrere
    
  • dangers threaten a man: pericula alicui impendent, imminent
    
  • many dangers hem a person in; one meets new risks at every turn: pericula in or ad aliquem redundant
    
  • to incur danger, risk: pericula subire, adire, suscipere
    
  • to expose oneself to peril: periculis se offerre
    
  • to endanger, imperil a person or thing: aliquem, aliquid in periculum (discrimen) adducere, vocare
    
  • to endanger, imperil a person or thing: alicui periculum creare, conflare
    
  • to recklessly hazard one's life: in periculum capitis, in discrimen vitae se inferre
    
  • at the critical moment: in ipso periculi discrimine
    
  • to rescue from peril: aliquem ex periculo eripere, servare
    
  • to avoid no risk in order to..: nullum periculum recusare pro
    
  • to surmount dangers: periculis perfungi
    
  • to make trial of; to risk: periculum facere alicuius rei
    
  • to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle: periculum hostis facere
    
  • the position is critical: res est in periculo, in summo discrimine
    
• periculum in Ramminger, Johann (16 July 2016 (last accessed)), Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎^[3], pre-publication website, 2005-2016