perpetuo

See also: perpétuo, perpetuó, perpetúo, and perpetuò

Catalan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Northern, Central) [pər.pəˈtu.u]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [pər.pəˈtu.o]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [peɾ.peˈtu.o]
• IPA^(key): (Northwestern) [per.peˈtu.o]

Verb

perpetuo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perpetuar

Galician

Etymology

From Latin perpetuus.

Adjective

perpetuo (feminine perpetua, masculine plural perpetuos, feminine plural perpetuas)

1. perpetual

Derived terms

• perpetuamente

Related terms

• perpetuar
• perpetuidade

Further reading

• “perpetuo”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2026

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /perˈpɛ.tu.o/, /perˈpɛ.two/
• Rhymes: -ɛtuo, -ɛtwo
• Hyphenation: per‧pè‧tu‧o, per‧pè‧tuo

Etymology 1

From Latin perpetuus.

Adjective

perpetuo (feminine perpetua, masculine plural perpetui, feminine plural perpetue)

1. perpetual

Related terms

• moto perpetuo
• perpetuamente
• perpetuità

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

perpetuo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perpetuare

Latin

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [pɛrˈpɛ.tu.oː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [perˈpɛː.tu.o]

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.

Proto-Italic *peri-

Latin per-

Proto-Indo-European *peth₂-

Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti

Latin petō

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Italic *-wos

Latin -uus

Latin perpetuus

Proto-Indo-European *-éad

Proto-Italic *-ōd

Latin -ō

Latin perpetuō

From perpetuus (“perpetual, continuous”) + -ō.

Alternative forms

• perpetuē, perpetuum

Adverb

perpetuō (not comparable)

1. constantly
2. perpetually
3. merrilly

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *per-der.

Proto-Italic *peri-

Latin per-

Proto-Indo-European *peth₂-

Proto-Indo-European *péth₂eti

Latin petō

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Italic *-wos

Latin -uus

Latin perpetuus

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Latin -ō

Latin perpetuō

From perpetuus (“perpetual, continuous”) + -ō.

Verb

perpetuō (present infinitive perpetuāre, perfect active perpetuāvī, supine perpetuātum); first conjugation

1. To cause to continue uninterruptedly, to proceed with continually, to make perpetual, perpetuate

Conjugation

   Conjugation of perpetuō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	perpetuō		perpetuās		perpetuat		perpetuāmus		perpetuātis		perpetuant
	imperfect	perpetuābam		perpetuābās		perpetuābat		perpetuābāmus		perpetuābātis		perpetuābant
	future	perpetuābō		perpetuābis		perpetuābit		perpetuābimus		perpetuābitis		perpetuābunt
	perfect	perpetuāvī		perpetuāvistī		perpetuāvit		perpetuāvimus		perpetuāvistis		perpetuāvērunt, perpetuāvēre
	pluperfect	perpetuāveram		perpetuāverās		perpetuāverat		perpetuāverāmus		perpetuāverātis		perpetuāverant
	future perfect	perpetuāverō		perpetuāveris		perpetuāverit		perpetuāverimus		perpetuāveritis		perpetuāverint
	sigmatic future1	perpetuāssō		perpetuāssis		perpetuāssit		perpetuāssimus		perpetuāssitis		perpetuāssint
passive	present	perpetuor		perpetuāris, perpetuāre		perpetuātur		perpetuāmur		perpetuāminī		perpetuantur
	imperfect	perpetuābar		perpetuābāris, perpetuābāre		perpetuābātur		perpetuābāmur		perpetuābāminī		perpetuābantur
	future	perpetuābor		perpetuāberis, perpetuābere		perpetuābitur		perpetuābimur		perpetuābiminī		perpetuābuntur
	perfect	perpetuātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	perpetuātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	perpetuātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	perpetuem		perpetuēs		perpetuet		perpetuēmus		perpetuētis		perpetuent
	imperfect	perpetuārem		perpetuārēs		perpetuāret		perpetuārēmus		perpetuārētis		perpetuārent
	perfect	perpetuāverim		perpetuāverīs		perpetuāverit		perpetuāverīmus		perpetuāverītis		perpetuāverint
	pluperfect	perpetuāvissem		perpetuāvissēs		perpetuāvisset		perpetuāvissēmus		perpetuāvissētis		perpetuāvissent
	sigmatic aorist1	perpetuāssim		perpetuāssīs		perpetuāssīt		perpetuāssīmus		perpetuāssītis		perpetuāssint
passive	present	perpetuer		perpetuēris, perpetuēre		perpetuētur		perpetuēmur		perpetuēminī		perpetuentur
	imperfect	perpetuārer		perpetuārēris, perpetuārēre		perpetuārētur		perpetuārēmur		perpetuārēminī		perpetuārentur
	perfect	perpetuātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	perpetuātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		perpetuā		—		—		perpetuāte		—
	future	—		perpetuātō		perpetuātō		—		perpetuātōte		perpetuantō
passive	present	—		perpetuāre		—		—		perpetuāminī		—
	future	—		perpetuātor		perpetuātor		—		—		perpetuantor
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		perpetuāre			perpetuārī			perpetuāns			—
future		perpetuātūrum esse			perpetuātum īrī			perpetuātūrus			perpetuandus
perfect		perpetuāvisse			perpetuātum esse			—			perpetuātus
future perfect		—			perpetuātum fore			—			—
perfect potential		perpetuātūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		perpetuandī		perpetuandō		perpetuandum		perpetuandō		perpetuātum		perpetuātū

¹At least one use of the Old Latin "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to").

Synonyms

• perpetuitō

Descendants

• English: perpetuate
• French: perpétuer

Etymology 3

Inflected form perpetuus.

Adjective

perpetuō

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of perpetuus

References

• “perpetuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “perpetuo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “perpetuo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Adjective

perpetuo (feminine perpetua, masculine plural perpetuos, feminine plural perpetuas)

1. obsolete spelling of perpétuo

Etymology 2

Verb

perpetuo

1. first-person singular present indicative of perpetuar

Spanish

Etymology

From Latin perpetuus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /peɾˈpetwo/ [peɾˈpe.t̪wo]
• Rhymes: -etwo
• Syllabification: per‧pe‧tuo

Adjective

perpetuo (feminine perpetua, masculine plural perpetuos, feminine plural perpetuas)

1. perpetual

Derived terms

• cadena perpetua
• perpetuamente
• reclusión perpetua

Related terms

• perpetuar
• perpetuidad

Further reading

• “perpetuo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025