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prąd

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: prad and Prad

Kashubian

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Etymology

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Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-der.
Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei
Proto-Slavic *pręstideverb.
Proto-Slavic *prǫdъ
Kashubian prąd

    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *prǫdъ. By surface analysis, deverbal from przesc.

    Pronunciation

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    Noun

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    prąd m inan

    1. current (flow of electricity)
      Synonym: sztróm
    2. power (electricity powering some building or place)
      Synonym: sztróm
    3. current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)

    Declension

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    Declension of prąd
    singular plural
    nominative prąd prądë
    genitive prądu prądów
    dative prądowi prądóm
    accusative prąd prądë
    instrumental prądã prądama
    locative prądze prądach
    vocative prąd/prądze prądë

    Further reading

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    • Eùgeniusz Gòłąbk (2011), “prąd”, in Słownik Polsko-Kaszubski / Słowôrz Pòlskò-Kaszëbsczi‎[2]
    • “prąd”, in Internetowi Słowôrz Kaszëbsczégò Jãzëka [Internet Dictionary of the Kashubian Language], Fundacja Kaszuby, 2022

    Old Polish

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    Etymology

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    Etymology tree
    Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-der.
    Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei
    Proto-Slavic *pręstideverb.
    Proto-Slavic *prǫdъ
    Old Polish prąd

      Inherited from Proto-Slavic *prǫdъ. First attested in the 15th century. By surface analysis, deverbal from prząść.

      Pronunciation

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      • IPA(key): (10th–15th CE) /prɑ̃t/
      • IPA(key): (15th CE) /prɑ̃t/

      Noun

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      prąd m inan

      1. stream, creek (small natural flow of water)

      Derived terms

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      adjectives
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      adverbs
      nouns

      Descendants

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      • Polish: prąd
      • Silesian: prōnd

      References

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      • Boryś, Wiesław (2005), “prąd”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (in Polish), Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, →ISBN
      • Mańczak, Witold (2017), “prąd”, in Polski słownik etymologiczny (in Polish), Kraków: Polska Akademia Umiejętności, →ISBN
      • Bańkowski, Andrzej (2000), “prąd 1”, in Etymologiczny słownik języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish)
      • B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “prąd”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN

      Polish

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      Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
      Wikipedia pl

      Etymology

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      Etymology tree
      Proto-Indo-European *(s)prend-der.
      Proto-Balto-Slavic *(s)prenˀstei
      Proto-Slavic *pręstideverb.
      Proto-Slavic *prǫdъ
      Old Polish prąd
      Polish prąd

        Inherited from Old Polish prąd. By surface analysis, deverbal from prząść.

        Pronunciation

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        • Audio:(file)
        • Rhymes: -ɔnt
        • Syllabification: prąd

        Noun

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        prąd m inan

        1. current (flow of electricity)
        2. power (electricity powering some building or place)
          Synonyms: elektryczność, elektryka, energia, światło
        3. current (part of a fluid that moves continuously in a certain direction)
          Synonym: nurt
          1. (in the plural, Podhale) stream (fast-flowing water in rocky mountain streams)
            Cemuś mnie, matusia, na wodę nie cisła, ka náwiękse prędy?
            Why, mother, didn't you push me into the water where the currents were strongest?
        4. (figuratively) current, flow, stream (large number of people or vehicles filling a road and moving in one direction)
        5. current (flow of water and gas in the air affecting the atmosphere)
        6. trend, movement
          Synonyms: kierunek, tendencja, trend
          prąd literacki ― literary movement
        7. (engineering) flow (artificial stream of liquid)
        8. (Near Masovian, Łuków) snag (tree sunk in a river bed that is dangerous for those traveling by raft or boat)
          Synonym: wilk

        Declension

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        Declension of prąd
        singular plural
        nominative prąd prądy
        genitive prądu prądów
        dative prądowi prądom
        accusative prąd prądy
        instrumental prądem prądami
        locative prądzie prądach
        vocative prądzie prądy

        Derived terms

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        adjectives
        adverbs
        nouns
        verbs
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        adjectives

        Trivia

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        According to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), prąd is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 62 times in scientific texts, 3 times in news, 3 times in essays, 4 times in fiction, and 5 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 77 times, making it the 840th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]

        References

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        1. ^ Ida Kurcz (1990), “prąd”, in Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej [Frequency dictionary of the Polish language]‎[1] (in Polish), volume 1, Kraków; Warszawa: Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Języka Polskiego, page 432

        Further reading

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