puncak

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay puncak, from Proto-Malayic *puncak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puncak (“peak, top”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈpunt͡ʃak/ [ˈpuɲ.t͡ʃak̚]
• Rhymes: -unt͡ʃak
• Syllabification: pun‧cak

Noun

puncak (plural puncak-puncak)

1. apex:
   1. the highest or the greatest part of something, especially forming a point
   2. (geometry) the highest point in a plane or solid figure, relative to a base line or plane
   3. (botany) the growing point of a shoot

      Synonym: pucuk

   4. the moment of greatest success, expansion, etc.
   5. (ecology) the top of the food chain
2. crest:
   1. the summit of a hill or mountain ridge
   2. (hydrology) the highest level above a certain datum or reference point that a river will reach in a certain amount of time
   3. (physics) the section of a wave that rises above an undisturbed position
3. peak:
   1. a point; the sharp end or top of anything that terminates in a point; as, the peak, or front, of a cap
   2. the highest value reached by some quantity in a time period
   3. (geography) the top, or one of the tops, of a hill, mountain or range, ending in a point
   4. (geography) the whole hill or mountain, especially when isolated
   5. (mathematics) a local maximum of a function, e.g. for sine waves, each point at which the value of y is at its maximum

      Synonym: bucu (Malay)

4. vertex:
   1. the highest point, top or apex of something
   2. (anatomy) the highest surface on the skull; the crown of the head

Derived terms

• kemuncak
• memuncak
• memuncaki
• memuncakkan
• pemuncak

• puncak acara
• puncak awan
• puncak gigi
• puncak meso
• puncak paru
• puncak penyaringan
• puncak siaga
• puncak sudut

Further reading

• “puncak”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Malayic *puncak, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *puncak (“peak, top”).

Pronunciation

• (Literary Standard) IPA^(key): /ˈpunt͡ʃak/ [ˈpuɲ.t͡ʃaʔ]
• Rhymes: -t͡ʃaʔ, -aʔ
• Hyphenation: pun‧cak

Noun

puncak (Jawi spelling ڤونچق, plural puncak-puncak or puncak²)

1. peak; summit; top (of a mountain, hill, or high structure).

   Synonyms: mercu, kemuncak

   Antonyms: kaki, dasar

   Mereka berjaya mendaki sehingga ke puncak Gunung Kinabalu.

   They managed to climb to the peak of Mount Kinabalu.

2. climax; zenith; height; acme (the highest point of development, success, or intensity).

   Synonym: kemuncak

   Zaman Kesultanan Melaka adalah puncak kegemilangan tamadun Melayu.

   The Malacca Sultanate era was the zenith of Malay civilisation's glory.

Derived terms

Affixations

• berpuncak (“to originate from; to have a peak”)
• kemuncak (“peak; climax”)
• memuncak (“to peak; to rise”)
• pemuncak (“culmination”)

Compounds

• waktu puncak (“peak hour”)

Descendants

• > Indonesian: puncak (inherited)
• → Tausug: punsak

Further reading

• "puncak" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "puncak" at PRPM first version)