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puzzle

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: Puzzle

English

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Etymology

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Various puzzles (noun noun sense 3) intended as pastimes.

The verb, of uncertain origin, is attested first. Apparently cognate with Scots pousle, pouzle, poozle (to trifle; poke or potter around aimlessly; search about with uncertainty), Saterland Frisian puzelje (to work hard and continuously), West Frisian peuzelje (to trifle, work slowly; eat slowly and daintifully, snack), Dutch peuzelen (to perform insignificant work, dawdle; pick at, eat with relish in small pieces, snack), German Low German pusseln (to tinker, fiddle; trifle) and pöseln (to work hard, toil; to slave away; suffer at work; work slowly and ineffectively), German posseln, bosseln (to perform trivial work, tinker), Danish pusle (to busy oneself with light work or chores; to be occupied with a task requiring ingenuity, care, and patience; to tinker), Swedish pyssla (to do light work; tinker; putter or potter around), Norwegian Nynorsk pusla, putla (to potter about), Faroese putla (to trifle; potter about; do one's work slowly; be dilatory), Faroese puss (damage, trick).

  • An early form of the word is pusle, which is similar to Old English puslian (to pick out the best bits, carefully select, cull).[1] It is possible that the meaning of the word evolved from “to pick out the best bits”, to “to think long and carefully in bewilderment while choosing what to pick out”, to “to think long and carefully in bewilderment”. However, there is no evidence in Middle English or modern English of any intermediate words with these meanings.[2]
  • Alternatively, it has been suggested that the word is from pose ((obsolete) to interrogate, question) +‎ -le (frequentative suffix). However, the Oxford English Dictionary notes that early forms of the word are all spelled with -u-, and that a sound change in Middle English from ō to u “is not easily accounted for”.[2]
  • Finally, it has been suggested that the past participle form of the word is attested by Middle English poselet.[3] This is thought to be unlikely by the Oxford English Dictionary as poselet is attested in only one quotation with the meaning “jostled, pushed”, which does not have any connection with the current senses of the word.[2]

The noun appears to be derived from the verb.[4][5]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle (countable and uncountable, plural puzzles)

  1. (uncountable) The state of feeling confused or mystified because one cannot understand a complicated matter, a problem, etc.; bewilderment, confusion; (countable) often in in a puzzle: an instance of this.
    Synonyms: bafflement, perplexity
    • 1625, Francis [Bacon], “Of Great Place”, in The Essayes [], 3rd edition, London: [] Iohn Haviland for Hanna Barret, →OCLC, pages 55–56:
      Certainly, Men in Great Fortunes, are ſtrangers to themſelues, and vvhile they are in the puſle of buſineſſe, they haue no time to tend their Health, either of Body, or Minde.
    • 1814 May 9, [Jane Austen], chapter III, in Mansfield Park: [], volume III, London: [] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, [], →OCLC, page 66:
      She stopt, felt herself getting into a puzzle, and could not be prevailed on to add another word, not by dint of several minutes of supplication and waiting.
    • 1851–1853, [Elizabeth Gaskell], “‘Your Ladyship’”, in Cranford. [], 1st American edition, New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, [], published 1853, →OCLC, page 145:
      My lady—your ladyship. It sounds very strange, and as if it was not natural. I never thought of it before; but, now you have named it, I am all in a puzzle.
  2. (countable) A thing such as a complicated matter or a problem which is difficult to make sense of or understand; also, a person who is difficult to make sense of or understand; an enigma.
    Synonyms: anybody's guess, anyone's guess, conundrum, mystery
    Where he went after he left the house is a puzzle.
  3. (countable) Often preceded by a descriptive word: a game or toy, or a problem, requiring some effort to complete or work out, which is intended as a pastime and/or to test one's mental ability.
    (problem to test mental ability, etc.): Synonyms: brainteaser, poser
  4. (countable, hunting, obsolete) Short for puzzle-peg (a piece of wood secured under a dog's jaw to keep the dog's nose away from the ground so that it uses the scent in the air to track its quarry, and to prevent the dog from tearing the quarry once found).
    • 1791, Caleb Cassock [pseudonym], “Letter the First”, in Geoffrey Gambado [pseudonym; Henry Bunbury], Annals of Horsemanship: Containing Accounts of Accidental Experiments, and Experimental Accidents, both Successful and Unsuccessful: [], London: [] W[illiam] Dickinson, []; S. Hooper, []; and J. Archer, and R. White, [], →OCLC, pages 1–2:
      So I ſent for a carpenter, on the receipt of your recipe, and had a large Puzzle of Oak made for him [a dog], after the pattern of thoſe vvorn by the Squire's Pointers; and I have found it anſvver prodigiouſly.

Hyponyms

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Derived terms

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Descendants

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  • Japanese: パズル (pazuru)
  • Korean: 퍼즐 (peojeul)
  • Russian: пазл (pazl)

Translations

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The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.

Verb

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puzzle (third-person singular simple present puzzles, present participle puzzling, simple past and past participle puzzled)

  1. (transitive)
    1. (also reflexive, often passive voice) To cause (oneself or someone, or their mind, etc.) to feel confused or mystified because they cannot understand a complicated matter, a problem, etc.; to confuse, to mystify, to perplex.
      Synonyms: (obsolete) empuzzle; see also Thesaurus:confuse
      • 1634 September 1 (date delivered; Gregorian calendar), Robert Sanderson, “[Ad Clerum.] The Fourth Sermon. At a Metropolitical Visitation at Grantham, Lincoln, 22 August 1634.”, in XXXIV Sermons. [], 5th edition, London: [] [A. Clark] for A. Seil, and are to be sold by G. Sawbridge, [], published 1671, →OCLC, paragraph 15, page 65:
        Mens daily occaſions for themſelves or friends, and the neceſities of common life, require the doing of a thouſand things vvithin the compaſs of a fevv dayes, for vvhich it vvould puzzle the beſt Textman that liveth; readily to bethink himself of a ſentence in the Bible, clear enough to ſatisfie a ſcrupulous conſcience of the lavvfulneſs and expediency of vvhat he is about to do; []
      • 1668, Franciscus Euistor the Palæopolite [pseudonym; Henry More], “The First Dialogue”, in Divine Dialogues, Containing Sundry Disquisitions & Instructions Concerning the Attributes of God and His Providence in the World. [], London: [] James Flesher, →OCLC, paragraph II, page 7:
        [H]e has a very ſmart VVit, and is a very ſhrevvd Diſputant in thoſe Points himſelf ſeems moſt puzzled in, and is therein very dexterous in puzzling others, if they be not thorough-paced Speculators in thoſe great Theories.
      • 1712 February 13 (Gregorian calendar), [Joseph Addison], “SATURDAY, February 2, 1711–1712”, in The Spectator, number 291; republished in Alexander Chalmers, editor, The Spectator; a New Edition, [], volume III, New York, N.Y.: D[aniel] Appleton & Company, 1853, →OCLC, page 451:
        Nor is it sufficient that a man, who sets up for a judge in criticism, should have perused the authors above-mentioned, unless he has also a clear and logical head. Without this talent he is perpetually puzzled and perplexed amidst his own blunders, mistakes the sense of those he would confute, or, if he chances to think right, does not know how to convey his thoughts to another with clearness and perspicuity.
        The spelling has been modernized.
      • 1725, [Daniel Defoe], “Part II”, in A New Voyage Round the World, by a Course Never Sailed before. [], London: [] A[rthur] Bettesworth, []; and W. Mears, [], →OCLC, page 157:
        After they had puzzled themſelves here, as I ſaid, tvvo or three Days, one of the Lieutenants and a Man vvith him, ſeeing a Hut or Houſe of a Chilian at ſome Diſtance, rode avvay tovvards it; []
      • 1732, George Berkeley, “The Fourth Dialogue”, in Alciphron: Or, The Minute Philosopher. [], volume I, London: [] J[acob] Tonson [], →OCLC, section II, page 208:
        This ſort of Arguments I have alvvays found dry and jejune; and, as they are not ſuited to my vvay of Thinking, they may perhaps puzzle, but never vvill convince me.
      • 1762, [Laurence Sterne], chapter XXIX, in The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman, volume VI, London: [] T. Becket and P. A. Dehondt, [], →OCLC, page 117:
        Vain ſcience! thou aſſiſts us in no caſe of this kind—and thou puzzleſt us in every one.
      • 1813 January 27, [Jane Austen], chapter XIX, in Pride and Prejudice: [], volume I, London: [] [George Sidney] for T[homas] Egerton, [], →OCLC, page 251:
        "Really, Mr. Collins," cried Elizabeth with some warmth, "you puzzle me exceedingly. If what I have hitherto said can appear to you in the form of encouragement, I know not how to express my refusal in such a way as may convince you of its being one."
      • 1840, [James Fenimore Cooper], chapter IV, in Mercedes of Castile: Or, The Voyage to Cathay. [], volume I, Philadelphia, Pa.: Lea and Blanchard, →OCLC, page 60:
        Still, this matter of the sails much puzzleth me, and I have often felt a desire to go from one port to another, by sea, in order to witness it.
      • 1870, Ralph Waldo Emerson, “Eloquence”, in Society and Solitude. Twelve Chapters, Boston, Mass.: Fields, Osgood, & Co., →OCLC, pages 77–78:
        [T]he court, thus pushed, tried words, and said everything it could think of to fill the time, [] like a schoolmaster puzzled by a hard sum, who reads the context with emphasis.
      • [1927], F[anny] E[mily] Penny, chapter 4, in Pulling the Strings, London: Hodder and Stoughton, →OCLC:
        The case was that of a murder. It had an element of mystery about it, however, which was puzzling the authorities. A turban and loincloth soaked in blood had been found; also a staff.
      • 1934, Robert Graves, chapter VI, in I, Claudius: [], New York, N.Y.: The Modern Library, →OCLC, page 77:
        The study of Classical mythology amused him and he made an enormous genealogical chart, in circular form, with the stems raying out from our earliest ancestor Chaos, the father of Father Time, and spreading to a confused perimeter thickly strewn with nymphs and kinds and heroes. He used to delight in puzzling the mythological experts, []
      • 2004, George Carlin, “Bits and Pieces”, in When Will Jesus Bring the Pork Chops?, New York, N.Y.: Hyperion Books, →ISBN, page 261:
        When it comes to God's existence, I'm not an atheist and I'm not an agnostic. I'm an acrostic. The whole thing puzzles me.
    2. To use (one's brain or mind) to try to work out a complicated matter, a problem, etc.; also, to try to work out (a complicated matter, a problem, etc.).
    3. (obsolete)
      1. To (intentionally) make (something) complicated or confused, and so difficult to resolve or understand; to confuse, to complicate.
        Synonyms: confound, entangle, muddle, obfuscate
      2. (chiefly passive voice) To cause (someone) to not know what to do due to some problem, situation, etc.; to bewilder, to confound, to perplex.
        • c. 1601–1602 (date written), William Shakespeare, “Twelfe Night, or What You Will”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies [] (First Folio), London: [] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii], page 271, column 1:
          I ſay there is no darkneſſe but ignorance, in vvhich thou art more puzel'd then the Ægyptians in their fogge.
        • 1638, Tho[mas] Herbert, “[First Sight of India]”, in Some Yeares Travels Into Divers Parts of Asia and Afrique. [], 2nd edition, London: [] R[ichard] Bi[sho]p for Iacob Blome and Richard Bishop, →OCLC, book I, page 34:
          [W]e found ground at forty fadomes, many Snakes ſvvimming about our ſhips, vvhich (vvith the vvaters changing colour) aſſured us vve vvere neere the ſhoare (the laſt ſtorme had puzled us) []
        • 1641 or 1642 (first performance), Richard Brome, A Joviall Crew: Or, The Merry Beggars. Presented in a Comedie, [], London: [] J[ames] Y[oung] for E[dward] D[od] and N[athaniel] E[kins] [], published 1652, →OCLC, Act III, signature [H4], recto:
          Benevolence? vvhich ſhall I be benevolent to; or vvhich firſt? I am puſſell'd in the choice.
        • 1697, William Dampier, chapter V, in A New Voyage Round the World. [], London: [] James Knapton, [], →OCLC, page 105:
          VVhen the Turtle come aſhore, the Man that vvatches for them turns them on their backs, then hales them above high vvater mark, and leave them till the morning. A large Green Turtle vvith her vveight and ſtruggling vvill puzzle 2 Men to turn her.
  2. (intransitive)
    1. Often followed by about, over, or upon: to feel confused or mystified because one cannot understand a complicated matter, a problem, etc.
    2. Often followed by about, over, or or upon: to think deeply in bewilderment to try to work out a complicated matter, a problem, etc.
      We puzzled over the curious-shaped lock, but were unable to discover how the key should be inserted.
      • 1605, M. N. [pseudonym; William Camden], “Surnames”, in Remaines of a Greater Worke, Concerning Britaine, [], London: [] G[eorge] E[ld] for Simon Waterson, →OCLC, page 93:
        [B]oth I my ſelfe and divers vvhom I knovv, have pored and puſled vpon many an old Record and Evidence to ſatisfie our ſelves herein: []
      • 1741, William Warburton, “Section VIII”, in The Divine Legation of Moses [], volume II, part II, London: [] Fletcher Gyles, [], →OCLC, book V, page 35:
        [O]ur Advocate, vvho puzzling on, betvveen his true and falſe Gods, hangs, like a falſe Teacher as he is, betvveen Heaven and Earth, in the Fool's Paradiſe of Pagan Philoſophy.
    3. To search in a confused or mystified manner.
    4. Followed by through: to solve a complicated matter, a problem, etc., by working through confusing or difficult matters.

Conjugation

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Conjugation of puzzle
infinitive (to) puzzle
present tense past tense
1st-person singular puzzle puzzled
2nd-person singular puzzle, puzzlest puzzled, puzzledst
3rd-person singular puzzles, puzzleth puzzled
plural puzzle
subjunctive puzzle puzzled
imperative puzzle
participles puzzling puzzled

Archaic or obsolete.

Derived terms

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Translations

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References

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  1. ^ Joseph Bosworth (1882), “puslian”, in T[homas] Northcote Toller, editor, An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary [], Oxford, Oxfordshire: Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 779, column 2.
  2. 2.0 2.1 2.2 puzzle, v.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford: Oxford University Press, June 2025; puzzle, v.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  3. ^ pọ̄selet, ppl.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
  4. ^ puzzle, n.”, in OED Online Paid subscription required, Oxford: Oxford University Press, September 2025; puzzle, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
  5. ^ Douglas Harper (2001–2026), “puzzle”, in Online Etymology Dictionary.

Further reading

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Anagrams

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Czech

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English puzzle.[1]

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈpazl̩]
  • (nonstandard, hyperforeign) IPA(key): [ˈput͡slɛ]

Noun

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puzzle m inan or n or f

  1. jigsaw puzzle

Usage notes

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Also used as an indeclinable noun of various genders, most often neuter.[2]

Although the standard pronunciation of this word, which has been borrowed from English, is /ˈpazl̩/, another common informal pronunciation is /ˈput͡sle/, which is a hyperforeignism, trying to apply either Italian (as in pizza) or more probably German pronunciation rules.[3] However, both Italian and German pronunciation of the word puzzle is different.

Declension

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when masculine:

Indeclinable when neuter or feminine.

References

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  1. ^ Rejzek, Jiří (2007), “puzzle”, in Český etymologický slovník (in Czech), Leda
  2. ^ puzzle in Internetová jazyková příručka, Institute of the Czech Language of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
  3. ^ Z dopisů jazykové poradně, Naše řeč, volume 82 (1999), issue 5

French

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle m (plural puzzles)

  1. jigsaw puzzle

Further reading

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Hungarian

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 Kirakós játék on Hungarian Wikipedia

Etymology

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Borrowed from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈpaːzl̩], [ˈpaːzəl] (also with a short [a])
  • Hyphenation: puzzle (cannot be hyphenated)
  • Rhymes: -əl

Noun

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puzzle (plural puzzle-ök or puzzle-ok or puzzle-k)[1][2]

  1. jigsaw puzzle
    Synonyms: (képes) kirakó/kirakójáték, kirakós (játék), képkirakó/képkirakós (játék), (rare) pázli

Declension

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Possessive forms of puzzle
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. puzzle-om puzzle-jaim
2nd person sing. puzzle-od puzzle-jaid
3rd person sing. puzzle-ja puzzle-jai
1st person plural puzzle-unk puzzle-jaink
2nd person plural puzzle-otok puzzle-jaitok
3rd person plural puzzle-juk puzzle-jaik

or

Possessive forms of puzzle
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. puzzle-öm puzzle-jeim
2nd person sing. puzzle-öd puzzle-jeid
3rd person sing. puzzle-je puzzle-jei
1st person plural puzzle-ünk puzzle-jeink
2nd person plural puzzle-ötök puzzle-jeitek
3rd person plural puzzle-jük puzzle-jeik

or [1][2]

Possessive forms of puzzle
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. puzzle-m puzzle-jaim(or puzzle-im)
2nd person sing. puzzle-d puzzle-jaid(or puzzle-id)
3rd person sing. puzzle-ja puzzle-jai(or puzzle-i)
1st person plural puzzle-nk puzzle-jaink(or puzzle-ink)
2nd person plural puzzle-tok puzzle-jaitok(or puzzle-itok)
3rd person plural puzzle-juk puzzle-jaik(or puzzle-ik)

Derived terms

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See also

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  • kirak (to do [a jigsaw puzzle])

References

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  1. 1.0 1.1 Miképpen kell kiejteni és toldalékolni a puzzle szót? (“How is the word puzzle to be pronounced and inflected?”) answered by E-nyelv.hu, based on Laczkó, Krisztina with Attila Mártonfi (2006), Helyesírás [Orthography], Budapest: Osiris Kiadó, →ISBN
  2. 2.0 2.1 puzzle toldalékolása (“inflection of puzzle”) answered by E-nyelv.hu

Italian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle m (invariable)

  1. jigsaw puzzle
  2. (by extension) a difficult problem

References

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  1. ^ puzzle in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)

Polish

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Polish Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia pl
puzzle

Etymology

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Borrowed from English puzzle, with a hyperforeign alternative pronunciation.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle nvir pl

  1. jigsaw puzzle (type of puzzle in which the aim is to reconstruct a picture that has been cut (originally, with a jigsaw) into many small interlocking pieces)

Declension

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Derived terms

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nouns

Noun

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puzzle m animal

  1. nominative/accusative/vocative plural of puzzel

Further reading

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  • puzzle in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • puzzle in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • puzzle in PWN's encyclopedia

Portuguese

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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  • (Portugal) IPA(key): /ˈpɐ.zɨl/ [ˈpɐ.zɨɫ], /ˈpɐ.zɐl/ [ˈpɐ.zɐɫ]

Noun

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puzzle m (plural puzzles)

  1. jigsaw puzzle
    Synonym: quebra-cabeça
  2. (chiefly video games) puzzle
    Synonyms: quebra-cabeça, enigma
    • 2020 January 17, Robs, “Jogos da Década: The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild”, in Project N[1], Brazil, archived from the original on 8 February 2025:
      Além da tradicional história em que o Link tem que salvar Hyrule e Zelda das mãos do Ganon, o game também inova e substitui as conhecidas dungeons por shrines, uma espécie de santuário com puzzles e desafios, e também por bestas mecânicas nas quais se exige um desafio maior do jogador.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Further reading

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Romanian

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English puzzle.

Noun

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puzzle n (plural puzzle-uri)

  1. puzzle

Declension

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Spanish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Borrowed from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle m (plural puzzles)

  1. jigsaw puzzle

Usage notes

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The current RAE recommended spelling is puzle.

Turkish

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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Unadapted borrowing from English puzzle.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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puzzle (definite accusative puzzle'ı, plural puzzle'lar)

  1. jigsaw puzzle
    Synonyms: pazıl, yapboz

Further reading

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