qwasha

Zulu

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǃwaːʃa/

Verb

-qwasha

1. (intransitive) to lie awake

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuqwasha
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuqwasha	ukungaqwashi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	qwasha	-qwashe
Plural	qwashani	-qwasheni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaqwasha, ngiqwasha	engiqwashayo, engiqwasha	ngiqwasha	angiqwashi	engingaqwashi	ngingaqwashi
2nd singular	uyaqwasha, uqwasha	oqwashayo, oqwasha	uqwasha	awuqwashi	ongaqwashi	ungaqwashi
1st plural	siyaqwasha, siqwasha	esiqwashayo, esiqwasha	siqwasha	asiqwashi	esingaqwashi	singaqwashi
2nd plural	niyaqwasha, niqwasha	eniqwashayo, eniqwasha	niqwasha	aniqwashi	eningaqwashi	ningaqwashi
Class 1	uyaqwasha, uqwasha	oqwashayo, oqwasha	eqwasha	akaqwashi	ongaqwashi	engaqwashi
Class 2	bayaqwasha, baqwasha	abaqwashayo, abaqwasha	beqwasha	abaqwashi	abangaqwashi	bengaqwashi
Class 3	uyaqwasha, uqwasha	oqwashayo, oqwasha	uqwasha	awuqwashi	ongaqwashi	ungaqwashi
Class 4	iyaqwasha, iqwasha	eqwashayo, eqwasha	iqwasha	ayiqwashi	engaqwashi	ingaqwashi
Class 5	liyaqwasha, liqwasha	eliqwashayo, eliqwasha	liqwasha	aliqwashi	elingaqwashi	lingaqwashi
Class 6	ayaqwasha, aqwasha	aqwashayo, aqwasha	eqwasha	awaqwashi	angaqwashi	engaqwashi
Class 7	siyaqwasha, siqwasha	esiqwashayo, esiqwasha	siqwasha	asiqwashi	esingaqwashi	singaqwashi
Class 8	ziyaqwasha, ziqwasha	eziqwashayo, eziqwasha	ziqwasha	aziqwashi	ezingaqwashi	zingaqwashi
Class 9	iyaqwasha, iqwasha	eqwashayo, eqwasha	iqwasha	ayiqwashi	engaqwashi	ingaqwashi
Class 10	ziyaqwasha, ziqwasha	eziqwashayo, eziqwasha	ziqwasha	aziqwashi	ezingaqwashi	zingaqwashi
Class 11	luyaqwasha, luqwasha	oluqwashayo, oluqwasha	luqwasha	aluqwashi	olungaqwashi	lungaqwashi
Class 14	buyaqwasha, buqwasha	obuqwashayo, obuqwasha	buqwasha	abuqwashi	obungaqwashi	bungaqwashi
Class 15	kuyaqwasha, kuqwasha	okuqwashayo, okuqwasha	kuqwasha	akuqwashi	okungaqwashi	kungaqwashi
Class 17	kuyaqwasha, kuqwasha	okuqwashayo, okuqwasha	kuqwasha	akuqwashi	okungaqwashi	kungaqwashi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiqwashile, ngiqwashē	engiqwashile, engiqwashē	ngiqwashile, ngiqwashē	angiqwashanga	engingaqwashanga	ngingaqwashanga
2nd singular	uqwashile, uqwashē	oqwashile, oqwashē	uqwashile, uqwashē	awuqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	ungaqwashanga
1st plural	siqwashile, siqwashē	esiqwashile, esiqwashē	siqwashile, siqwashē	asiqwashanga	esingaqwashanga	singaqwashanga
2nd plural	niqwashile, niqwashē	eniqwashile, eniqwashē	niqwashile, niqwashē	aniqwashanga	eningaqwashanga	ningaqwashanga
Class 1	uqwashile, uqwashē	oqwashile, oqwashē	eqwashile, eqwashē	akaqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	engaqwashanga
Class 2	baqwashile, baqwashē	abaqwashile, abaqwashē	beqwashile, beqwashē	abaqwashanga	abangaqwashanga	bengaqwashanga
Class 3	uqwashile, uqwashē	oqwashile, oqwashē	uqwashile, uqwashē	awuqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	ungaqwashanga
Class 4	iqwashile, iqwashē	eqwashile, eqwashē	iqwashile, iqwashē	ayiqwashanga	engaqwashanga	ingaqwashanga
Class 5	liqwashile, liqwashē	eliqwashile, eliqwashē	liqwashile, liqwashē	aliqwashanga	elingaqwashanga	lingaqwashanga
Class 6	aqwashile, aqwashē	aqwashile, aqwashē	eqwashile, eqwashē	awaqwashanga	angaqwashanga	engaqwashanga
Class 7	siqwashile, siqwashē	esiqwashile, esiqwashē	siqwashile, siqwashē	asiqwashanga	esingaqwashanga	singaqwashanga
Class 8	ziqwashile, ziqwashē	eziqwashile, eziqwashē	ziqwashile, ziqwashē	aziqwashanga	ezingaqwashanga	zingaqwashanga
Class 9	iqwashile, iqwashē	eqwashile, eqwashē	iqwashile, iqwashē	ayiqwashanga	engaqwashanga	ingaqwashanga
Class 10	ziqwashile, ziqwashē	eziqwashile, eziqwashē	ziqwashile, ziqwashē	aziqwashanga	ezingaqwashanga	zingaqwashanga
Class 11	luqwashile, luqwashē	oluqwashile, oluqwashē	luqwashile, luqwashē	aluqwashanga	olungaqwashanga	lungaqwashanga
Class 14	buqwashile, buqwashē	obuqwashile, obuqwashē	buqwashile, buqwashē	abuqwashanga	obungaqwashanga	bungaqwashanga
Class 15	kuqwashile, kuqwashē	okuqwashile, okuqwashē	kuqwashile, kuqwashē	akuqwashanga	okungaqwashanga	kungaqwashanga
Class 17	kuqwashile, kuqwashē	okuqwashile, okuqwashē	kuqwashile, kuqwashē	akuqwashanga	okungaqwashanga	kungaqwashanga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāqwasha	engāqwasha	ngāqwasha	angiqwashanga	engingaqwashanga	ngingaqwashanga
2nd singular	wāqwasha	owāqwasha	wāqwasha	awuqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	ungaqwashanga
1st plural	sāqwasha	esāqwasha	sāqwasha	asiqwashanga	esingaqwashanga	singaqwashanga
2nd plural	nāqwasha	enāqwasha	nāqwasha	aniqwashanga	eningaqwashanga	ningaqwashanga
Class 1	wāqwasha	owāqwasha	āqwasha	akaqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	engaqwashanga
Class 2	bāqwasha	abāqwasha	bāqwasha	abaqwashanga	abangaqwashanga	bengaqwashanga
Class 3	wāqwasha	owāqwasha	wāqwasha	awuqwashanga	ongaqwashanga	ungaqwashanga
Class 4	yāqwasha	eyāqwasha	yāqwasha	ayiqwashanga	engaqwashanga	ingaqwashanga
Class 5	lāqwasha	elāqwasha	lāqwasha	aliqwashanga	elingaqwashanga	lingaqwashanga
Class 6	āqwasha	āqwasha	āqwasha	awaqwashanga	angaqwashanga	engaqwashanga
Class 7	sāqwasha	esāqwasha	sāqwasha	asiqwashanga	esingaqwashanga	singaqwashanga
Class 8	zāqwasha	ezāqwasha	zāqwasha	aziqwashanga	ezingaqwashanga	zingaqwashanga
Class 9	yāqwasha	eyāqwasha	yāqwasha	ayiqwashanga	engaqwashanga	ingaqwashanga
Class 10	zāqwasha	ezāqwasha	zāqwasha	aziqwashanga	ezingaqwashanga	zingaqwashanga
Class 11	lwāqwasha	olwāqwasha	lwāqwasha	aluqwashanga	olungaqwashanga	lungaqwashanga
Class 14	bāqwasha	obāqwasha	bāqwasha	abuqwashanga	obungaqwashanga	bungaqwashanga
Class 15	kwāqwasha	okwāqwasha	kwāqwasha	akuqwashanga	okungaqwashanga	kungaqwashanga
Class 17	kwāqwasha	okwāqwasha	kwāqwasha	akuqwashanga	okungaqwashanga	kungaqwashanga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaqwasha	—	ngingaqwasha	ngingeqwashe	—	ngingeqwashe
2nd singular	ungaqwasha	—	ungaqwasha	ungeqwashe	—	ungeqwashe
1st plural	singaqwasha	—	singaqwasha	singeqwashe	—	singeqwashe
2nd plural	ningaqwasha	—	ningaqwasha	ningeqwashe	—	ningeqwashe
Class 1	angaqwasha	—	engaqwasha	angeqwashe	—	engeqwashe
Class 2	bangaqwasha	—	bengaqwasha	bangeqwashe	—	bengeqwashe
Class 3	ungaqwasha	—	ungaqwasha	ungeqwashe	—	ungeqwashe
Class 4	ingaqwasha	—	ingaqwasha	ingeqwashe	—	ingeqwashe
Class 5	lingaqwasha	—	lingaqwasha	lingeqwashe	—	lingeqwashe
Class 6	angaqwasha	—	engaqwasha	angeqwashe	—	engeqwashe
Class 7	singaqwasha	—	singaqwasha	singeqwashe	—	singeqwashe
Class 8	zingaqwasha	—	zingaqwasha	zingeqwashe	—	zingeqwashe
Class 9	ingaqwasha	—	ingaqwasha	ingeqwashe	—	ingeqwashe
Class 10	zingaqwasha	—	zingaqwasha	zingeqwashe	—	zingeqwashe
Class 11	lungaqwasha	—	lungaqwasha	lungeqwashe	—	lungeqwashe
Class 14	bungaqwasha	—	bungaqwasha	bungeqwashe	—	bungeqwashe
Class 15	kungaqwasha	—	kungaqwasha	kungeqwashe	—	kungeqwashe
Class 17	kungaqwasha	—	kungaqwasha	kungeqwashe	—	kungeqwashe
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoqwasha	engizoqwasha	ngizoqwasha	angizuqwasha	engingezuqwasha	ngingezuqwasha
2nd singular	uzoqwasha	ozoqwasha	uzoqwasha	awuzuqwasha	ongezuqwasha	ungezuqwasha
1st plural	sizoqwasha	esizoqwasha	sizoqwasha	asizuqwasha	esingezuqwasha	singezuqwasha
2nd plural	nizoqwasha	enizoqwasha	nizoqwasha	anizuqwasha	eningezuqwasha	ningezuqwasha
Class 1	uzoqwasha	ozoqwasha	ezoqwasha	akazuqwasha	ongezuqwasha	engezuqwasha
Class 2	bazoqwasha	abazoqwasha	bezoqwasha	abazuqwasha	abangezuqwasha	bengezuqwasha
Class 3	uzoqwasha	ozoqwasha	uzoqwasha	awuzuqwasha	ongezuqwasha	ungezuqwasha
Class 4	izoqwasha	ezoqwasha	izoqwasha	ayizuqwasha	engezuqwasha	ingezuqwasha
Class 5	lizoqwasha	elizoqwasha	lizoqwasha	alizuqwasha	elingezuqwasha	lingezuqwasha
Class 6	azoqwasha	azoqwasha	ezoqwasha	awazuqwasha	angezuqwasha	engezuqwasha
Class 7	sizoqwasha	esizoqwasha	sizoqwasha	asizuqwasha	esingezuqwasha	singezuqwasha
Class 8	zizoqwasha	ezizoqwasha	zizoqwasha	azizuqwasha	ezingezuqwasha	zingezuqwasha
Class 9	izoqwasha	ezoqwasha	izoqwasha	ayizuqwasha	engezuqwasha	ingezuqwasha
Class 10	zizoqwasha	ezizoqwasha	zizoqwasha	azizuqwasha	ezingezuqwasha	zingezuqwasha
Class 11	luzoqwasha	oluzoqwasha	luzoqwasha	aluzuqwasha	olungezuqwasha	lungezuqwasha
Class 14	buzoqwasha	obuzoqwasha	buzoqwasha	abuzuqwasha	obungezuqwasha	bungezuqwasha
Class 15	kuzoqwasha	okuzoqwasha	kuzoqwasha	akuzuqwasha	okungezuqwasha	kungezuqwasha
Class 17	kuzoqwasha	okuzoqwasha	kuzoqwasha	akuzuqwasha	okungezuqwasha	kungezuqwasha
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoqwasha	engiyoqwasha	ngiyoqwasha	angiyuqwasha	engingeyuqwasha	ngingeyuqwasha
2nd singular	uyoqwasha	oyoqwasha	uyoqwasha	awuyuqwasha	ongeyuqwasha	ungeyuqwasha
1st plural	siyoqwasha	esiyoqwasha	siyoqwasha	asiyuqwasha	esingeyuqwasha	singeyuqwasha
2nd plural	niyoqwasha	eniyoqwasha	niyoqwasha	aniyuqwasha	eningeyuqwasha	ningeyuqwasha
Class 1	uyoqwasha	oyoqwasha	eyoqwasha	akayuqwasha	ongeyuqwasha	engeyuqwasha
Class 2	bayoqwasha	abayoqwasha	beyoqwasha	abayuqwasha	abangeyuqwasha	bengeyuqwasha
Class 3	uyoqwasha	oyoqwasha	uyoqwasha	awuyuqwasha	ongeyuqwasha	ungeyuqwasha
Class 4	iyoqwasha	eyoqwasha	iyoqwasha	ayiyuqwasha	engeyuqwasha	ingeyuqwasha
Class 5	liyoqwasha	eliyoqwasha	liyoqwasha	aliyuqwasha	elingeyuqwasha	lingeyuqwasha
Class 6	ayoqwasha	ayoqwasha	eyoqwasha	awayuqwasha	angeyuqwasha	engeyuqwasha
Class 7	siyoqwasha	esiyoqwasha	siyoqwasha	asiyuqwasha	esingeyuqwasha	singeyuqwasha
Class 8	ziyoqwasha	eziyoqwasha	ziyoqwasha	aziyuqwasha	ezingeyuqwasha	zingeyuqwasha
Class 9	iyoqwasha	eyoqwasha	iyoqwasha	ayiyuqwasha	engeyuqwasha	ingeyuqwasha
Class 10	ziyoqwasha	eziyoqwasha	ziyoqwasha	aziyuqwasha	ezingeyuqwasha	zingeyuqwasha
Class 11	luyoqwasha	oluyoqwasha	luyoqwasha	aluyuqwasha	olungeyuqwasha	lungeyuqwasha
Class 14	buyoqwasha	obuyoqwasha	buyoqwasha	abuyuqwasha	obungeyuqwasha	bungeyuqwasha
Class 15	kuyoqwasha	okuyoqwasha	kuyoqwasha	akuyuqwasha	okungeyuqwasha	kungeyuqwasha
Class 17	kuyoqwasha	okuyoqwasha	kuyoqwasha	akuyuqwasha	okungeyuqwasha	kungeyuqwasha
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngiqwashe	ngingaqwashi
2nd singular	uqwashe	ungaqwashi
1st plural	siqwashe	singaqwashi
2nd plural	niqwashe	ningaqwashi
Class 1	aqwashe	angaqwashi
Class 2	baqwashe	bangaqwashi
Class 3	uqwashe	ungaqwashi
Class 4	iqwashe	ingaqwashi
Class 5	liqwashe	lingaqwashi
Class 6	aqwashe	angaqwashi
Class 7	siqwashe	singaqwashi
Class 8	ziqwashe	zingaqwashi
Class 9	iqwashe	ingaqwashi
Class 10	ziqwashe	zingaqwashi
Class 11	luqwashe	lungaqwashi
Class 14	buqwashe	bungaqwashi
Class 15	kuqwashe	kungaqwashi
Class 17	kuqwashe	kungaqwashi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaqwasha	ngangaqwasha, angaqwasha, angangaqwasha
2nd singular	waqwasha	wangaqwasha, awaqwasha, awangaqwasha
1st plural	saqwasha	sangaqwasha, asaqwasha, asangaqwasha
2nd plural	naqwasha	nangaqwasha, anaqwasha, anangaqwasha
Class 1	waqwasha	wangaqwasha, akaqwasha, akangaqwasha
Class 2	baqwasha	bangaqwasha, abaqwasha, abangaqwasha
Class 3	waqwasha	wangaqwasha, awaqwasha, awangaqwasha
Class 4	yaqwasha	yangaqwasha, ayaqwasha, ayangaqwasha
Class 5	laqwasha	langaqwasha, alaqwasha, alangaqwasha
Class 6	aqwasha	angaqwasha, awaqwasha, awangaqwasha
Class 7	saqwasha	sangaqwasha, asaqwasha, asangaqwasha
Class 8	zaqwasha	zangaqwasha, azaqwasha, azangaqwasha
Class 9	yaqwasha	yangaqwasha, ayaqwasha, ayangaqwasha
Class 10	zaqwasha	zangaqwasha, azaqwasha, azangaqwasha
Class 11	lwaqwasha	lwangaqwasha, alwaqwasha, alwangaqwasha
Class 14	baqwasha	bangaqwasha, abaqwasha, abangaqwasha
Class 15	kwaqwasha	kwangaqwasha, akwaqwasha, akwangaqwasha
Class 17	kwaqwasha	kwangaqwasha, akwaqwasha, akwangaqwasha

References

• C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “qwasha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qwasha (6.3)”