sacramentum

English

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *seh₂k-

Proto-Indo-European *-rós

Proto-Indo-European *sh₂krós

Proto-Italic *sakros

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂

Proto-Indo-European *-éh₂

Proto-Indo-European *-yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti

Proto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.

Proto-Italic *-ājō

Proto-Italic *-āō

Proto-Italic *sakrāō

Latin sacrō

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥

Proto-Indo-European *-mn̥tom

Proto-Italic *-mentom

Latin -mentum

Latin sacrāmentumbor.

English sacramentum

Borrowed from Latin sacrāmentum.

Noun

sacramentum (plural sacramenta)

1. (historical) An Ancient Roman oath or vow that rendered the swearer "given to the gods", in the negative sense if he violated it.

Latin

Etymology

From sacrō (“consecrate, dedicate, devote”) +‎ -mentum, from sacer (“sacred, holy”) +‎ -mentum.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [sa.kraːˈmɛn.tũː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [sa.kraˈmɛn.tum]

Noun

sacrāmentum n (genitive sacrāmentī); second declension

1. a sum of money deposited in pledge by two individuals involved in a suit, the money of the loser in the suit being used for religious purposes
2. (military) sacrament (an oath of allegiance)
3. (Ecclesiastical Latin) sacrament (sacred act and the attendant ceremony, considered an outward sign of divine grace, instituted by Jesus Christ)
4. (Ecclesiastical Latin) a mystery, secret

Declension

Second-declension noun (neuter).

	singular	plural
nominative	sacrāmentum	sacrāmenta
genitive	sacrāmentī	sacrāmentōrum
dative	sacrāmentō	sacrāmentīs
accusative	sacrāmentum	sacrāmenta
ablative	sacrāmentō	sacrāmentīs
vocative	sacrāmentum	sacrāmenta

Derived terms

• sacrāmentālis

Related terms

• sacer
• sacerdōs
• sacerdōtālis
• sacerdōtium
• sacerdōtula
• sacrārium
• sacrārius
• sacrātē
• sacrātiō
• sacrātor
• sacricola
• sacrifer
• sacrificālis
• sacrificātiō
• sacrificātor
• sacrificātus
• sacrificiolus
• sacrificium
• sacrificō
• sacrificulus
• sacrificus
• sacrilegē
• sacrilegium
• sacrilegus
• sacrō
• sacrōsanctus
• sacrum

Descendants

Inherited

• Italo-Romance;
  • Old Italian: sacramento
• North Italian:
  • Gallo-Italic:
    • Old Lombard: sagramento
    • Piedmontese: sarament
  • Romansh: saramaint, sarament
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Old Francoprovençal: sariment
  • Old French: sagrament (early Old French), sairement, serment
    • French: serment
• Occitano-Romance:
  • Catalan: sagrament
  • Occitan: sagrament
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: sagramento
  • Old Spanish: sagramiento

Borrowed

• → Asturian: sacramentu
• → Dutch: sacrament
• → English: sacrament
• → French: sacrement
• → Norwegian: sakrament
• → Old Galician-Portuguese: sacramento
  • Fala: sacramento
  • Galician: sacramento
  • Portuguese: sacramento
• → Polish: sakrament
• → Romanian: sacrament
• → Spanish: sacramento

References

• “sacramentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “sacramentum”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "sacramentum", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “sacramentum”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to take the military oath: sacramentum (o) dicere (vid. sect. XI. 2, note sacramentum...)
    
  • to make soldiers take the military oath: milites sacramento rogare, adigere
    
• “sacramentum”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper’s Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “sacramentum”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
• Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1911), “sacramĕntum”, in Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), page 563