shikilia

Swahili

Etymology

From -shika (“to hold”) + -ilia.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Kenya):

  (file)

Verb

-shikilia (infinitive kushikilia)

1. to hold tight, to clutch

Conjugation

Conjugation of -shikilia
Positive present -nashikilia Subjunctive -shikilie Negative -shikilii Imperative singular shikilia
Infinitives
Positive kushikilia Negative kutoshikilia
Imperatives
Singular shikilia Plural shikilieni
Tensed forms
Habitual hushikilia Positive past positive subject concord + -lishikilia Negative past negative subject concord + -kushikilia
Positive present (positive subject concord + -nashikilia) Singular Plural 1st person ninashikilia/nashikilia tunashikilia 2nd person unashikilia mnashikilia 3rd person m-wa(I/II) anashikilia wanashikilia other classes positive subject concord + -nashikilia
Negative present (negative subject concord + -shikilii) Singular Plural 1st person sishikilii hatushikilii 2nd person hushikilii hamshikilii 3rd person m-wa(I/II) hashikilii hawashikilii other classes negative subject concord + -shikilii
Positive future positive subject concord + -tashikilia Negative future negative subject concord + -tashikilia
Positive subjunctive (positive subject concord + -shikilie) Singular Plural 1st person nishikilie tushikilie 2nd person ushikilie mshikilie 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikilie washikilie other classes positive subject concord + -shikilie
Negative subjunctive positive subject concord + -sishikilie Positive present conditional positive subject concord + -ngeshikilia Negative present conditional positive subject concord + -singeshikilia Positive past conditional positive subject concord + -ngalishikilia Negative past conditional positive subject concord + -singalishikilia
Gnomic (positive subject concord + -ashikilia) Singular Plural 1st person nashikilia twashikilia 2nd person washikilia mwashikilia 3rd person m-wa(I/II) ashikilia washikilia m-mi(III/IV) washikilia yashikilia ji-ma(V/VI) lashikilia yashikilia ki-vi(VII/VIII) chashikilia vyashikilia n(IX/X) yashikilia zashikilia u(XI) washikilia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) kwashikilia pa(XVI) pashikilia mu(XVIII) mwashikilia
Perfect positive subject concord + -meshikilia "Already" positive subject concord + -meshashikilia "Not yet" negative subject concord + -jashikilia "If/When" positive subject concord + -kishikilia "If not" positive subject concord + -siposhikilia Consecutive kashikilia / positive subject concord + -kashikilia Consecutive subjunctive positive subject concord + -kashikilie
Object concord (indicative positive) Singular Plural 1st person -nishikilia -tushikilia 2nd person -kushikilia -washikilia/-kushikilieni/-washikilieni 3rd person m-wa(I/II) -mshikilia -washikilia m-mi(III/IV) -ushikilia -ishikilia ji-ma(V/VI) -lishikilia -yashikilia ki-vi(VII/VIII) -kishikilia -vishikilia n(IX/X) -ishikilia -zishikilia u(XI) -ushikilia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -kushikilia pa(XVI) -pashikilia mu(XVIII) -mushikilia Reflexive -jishikilia
Relative forms General positive (positive subject concord + (object concord) + -shikilia- + relative marker) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -shikiliaye -shikiliao m-mi(III/IV) -shikiliao -shikiliayo ji-ma(V/VI) -shikilialo -shikiliayo ki-vi(VII/VIII) -shikiliacho -shikiliavyo n(IX/X) -shikiliayo -shikiliazo u(XI) -shikiliao see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -shikiliako pa(XVI) -shikiliapo mu(XVIII) -shikiliamo Other forms (subject concord + tense marker + relative marker + (object concord) + -shikilia) Singular Plural m-wa(I/II) -yeshikilia -oshikilia m-mi(III/IV) -oshikilia -yoshikilia ji-ma(V/VI) -loshikilia -yoshikilia ki-vi(VII/VIII) -choshikilia -vyoshikilia n(IX/X) -yoshikilia -zoshikilia u(XI) -oshikilia see n(X) or ma(VI) class ku(XV/XVII) -koshikilia pa(XVI) -poshikilia mu(XVIII) -moshikilia
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information.

Derived terms

• Nominal derivations:
  • mshikiliaji