soutenir

See also: soûtenir

French

Alternative forms

• soustenir, soûtenir (obsolete)

Etymology

Inherited from Middle French soustenir, from Old French sustenir, soustenir, from Vulgar Latin *sustenīre, from Latin sustinēre. Asynchronically analyzable as sou- +‎ tenir.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /sut.niʁ/, /su.tə.niʁ/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Audio (France (Somain)):

  (file)

Verb

soutenir

1. (transitive) to support
2. (transitive) to keep up
3. to maintain (that)
4. to argue

Conjugation

This is a verb in a group of -ir verbs. All verbs ending in -tenir, such as contenir and détenir, are conjugated this way. Such verbs are the only verbs whose past historic and subjunctive imperfect endings do not start with one of these thematic vowels: -a-, -i-, -u-.

Conjugation of soutenir (see also Appendix:French verbs)

infinitive	simple	soutenir
	compound	avoir + past participle
present participle or gerund1	simple	soutenant /sut.nɑ̃/
	compound	ayant + past participle
past participle		soutenu /sut.ny/
		singular			plural
		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		je (j’)	tu	il, elle, on	nous	vous	ils, elles
(simple tenses)	present	soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/	soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/	soutient /su.tjɛ̃/	soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/	soutenez /sut.ne/	soutiennent /su.tjɛn/
	imperfect	soutenais /sut.nɛ/	soutenais /sut.nɛ/	soutenait /sut.nɛ/	soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/	souteniez /su.tə.nje/	soutenaient /sut.nɛ/
	past historic2	soutins /su.tɛ̃/	soutins /su.tɛ̃/	soutint /su.tɛ̃/	soutînmes /su.tɛ̃m/	soutîntes /su.tɛ̃t/	soutinrent /su.tɛ̃ʁ/
	future	soutiendrai /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/	soutiendras /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/	soutiendra /su.tjɛ̃.dʁa/	soutiendrons /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/	soutiendrez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁe/	soutiendront /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/
	conditional	soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	soutiendrais /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	soutiendrait /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/	soutiendrions /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/	soutiendriez /su.tjɛ̃.dʁi.je/	soutiendraient /su.tjɛ̃.dʁɛ/
(compound tenses)	present perfect	present indicative of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect	imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
	past anterior2	past historic of avoir + past participle
	future perfect	future of avoir + past participle
	conditional perfect	conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive		que je (j’)	que tu	qu’il, qu’elle	que nous	que vous	qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple tenses)	present	soutienne /su.tjɛn/	soutiennes /su.tjɛn/	soutienne /su.tjɛn/	soutenions /su.tə.njɔ̃/	souteniez /su.tə.nje/	soutiennent /su.tjɛn/
	imperfect2	soutinsse /su.tɛ̃s/	soutinsses /su.tɛ̃s/	soutînt /su.tɛ̃/	soutinssions /su.tɛ̃.sjɔ̃/	soutinssiez /su.tɛ̃.sje/	soutinssent /su.tɛ̃s/
(compound tenses)	past	present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
	pluperfect2	imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative		–	tu	–	nous	vous	–
simple		—	soutiens /su.tjɛ̃/	—	soutenons /sut.nɔ̃/	soutenez /sut.ne/	—
compound		—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	simple imperative of avoir + past participle	—
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way: past historic → present perfect past anterior → pluperfect imperfect subjunctive → present subjunctive pluperfect subjunctive → past subjunctive (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

• souteneur
• soutenu
• soutien

Descendants

• Haitian Creole: soutni

Further reading

• “soutenir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012

Anagrams

• sourient, tuerions

Norman

Etymology

From Old French sustenir, from Latin sustineo.

Verb

soutenir

1. to support

Conjugation

    Conjugation of the verb soutenir in Norman

infinitive			soutenir
gerund			soutenant
auxiliary			aveir1
past participle				masculine		feminine
		singular		soutint		soutinte
		plural		soutints		soutintes
		singular			plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
indicative		jeo (j')	tu (t')	il, elle, on	nos	vos	il, elles
	present	soutiens	soutiens	soutient	soutenoms	soutenez	soutiennent
	imperfect	souteneis	souteneis	souteneit	soutenioms	souteniez	souteneient
	preterite	soutins	soutins	soutint	soutînmes	soutîntes	soutîntrent
	future	soutiendrai	soutiendras	soutiendra	soutiendroms	soutiendrez	soutiendront
	conditional	soutiendreis	soutiendreis	soutiendreit	soutiendrioms	soutiendriez	soutiendreient
subjunctive		que jeo (j')	que tu (t')	qu'il, qu'elle, qu'on	que nos	que vos	qu'il, qu'elles
	present	soutienne	soutiennes	soutienne	soutenioms	souteniez	soutiennent
	imperfect	soutinsse	soutinsses	soutînt soutinsse	soutinssioms	soutinssiez	soutinssent
imperative		—	tu	—	nos	vos	—
			soutiens		soutenoms	soutenez
1Used with past participles. 2Archaic or literary forms.

Related terms

• soutien