tetanus

See also: Tetanus

English

Muscular spasms in a patient suffering from tetanus.

Etymology

From Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

Pronunciation

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/

• Audio (Southern England):

  (file)

• (General American) IPA^(key): /ˈtɛt.ən.əs/, /ˈtɛt.nəs/
• Rhymes: (General American) -ɛtnəs

Noun

tetanus (usually uncountable, plural tetanuses or tetani)

1. (pathology, usually uncountable) A serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.

   Synonym: lockjaw

   • 2012, Yoshito Kawakatsu, Satoshi Kaneko, Mohamed Karama, Sumihisa Honda, “Prevalence and risk factors of neurological impairment among children aged 6-9 years: from population based cross sectional study in western Kenya”, in BMC Pediatrics, volume 12, →DOI, page 4:

     Compared to 290 children with TQQ negative, CWDs were significantly less likely to receive antenatal care (P=0.003), to get a maternal tetanus shot during antenatal care (P=0.004) and to receive full vaccination (P=0.01).

2. (physiology, countable) A state of muscle tension caused by sustained contraction arising from a rapid series of nerve impulses which do not allow the muscle to relax.
   • 1998 January 16, Pierre-Marie Lledo et al., “Postsynaptic Membrane Fusion and Long-Term Potentiation”, in Science‎^[1], volume 279, number 5349, →DOI, pages 399–403:

     We first saturated LTP in one pathway by applying repetitive tetani that had no effect on the control pathway […]

Derived terms

• antitetanic
• antitetanus
• DPT
• tetanal
• tetanic
• tetanization
• tetanize
• tetany

Translations

disease

• Afrikaans: klem-in-die-kaak, tetanus
• Albanian: tetanos (sq) m
• Arabic: كُزَاز m (kuzāz), كُزَّاز m (kuzzāz)
• Aramaic:

  Classical Syriac: ܙܩܬܐ c

• Armenian: փայտացում (hy) (pʻaytacʻum)
• Assamese: ধনুষ্টংকাৰ (dhonustoṅkar)
• Asturian: tétanos m, tétano m
• Basque: tetanos
• Belarusian: слупняк m (slupnjak)
• Bengali: ধনুষ্টঙ্কার (dhonuśṭoṅkar)
• Bikol Central: tetanus
• Breton: tetanos m
• Bulgarian: тетанус m (tetanus)
• Catalan: tètan m, tètanus m
• Chinese:

  Cantonese: 破傷風 / 破伤风 (po³ soeng¹ fung¹)

  Hokkien: 破傷風 / 破伤风 (zh-min-nan) (phò-siong-hong)

  Mandarin: 破傷風 / 破伤风 (zh) (pòshāngfēng)

• Corsican: tetanu m
• Czech: tetanus (cs) m
• Danish: stivkrampe c
• Dhivehi: އިދިފުށަށްދަމާ ބަލި (idifuṣaṣ̊damā bali)
• Dutch: tetanus (nl) m
• Esperanto: tetano
• Estonian: teetanus (et)
• Finnish: jäykkäkouristus (fi), tetanus (fi)
• French: tétanos (fr) m
• Galician: tétano (gl) m
• Georgian: ტეტანუსი (ṭeṭanusi)
• German: Tetanus (de) m, Wundstarrkrampf (de) m
• Greek: τέτανος (el) m (tétanos)

  Ancient Greek: τέτανος m (tétanos)

• Gujarati: ધનુર્વા (dhanurvā)
• Hebrew: טֶטָנוּס (he) m (tetanus)
• Hindi: धनुस्तंभ (hi) m (dhanustambh)
• Hungarian: tetanusz (hu), merevgörcs (hu)
• Icelandic: stífkrampi (is) m, stjarfi m
• Ido: tetano (io)
• Indonesian: tetanus (id)
• Irish: teiteanas m
• Italian: tetano (it) m
• Japanese: 破傷風 (ja) (はしょうふう, hashōfū)
• Javanese: tetanus
• Kannada: ಧನುರ್ವಾತ (kn) (dhanurvāta)
• Kazakh: сіреспе (sırespe)
• Khmer: តេតាណូស (teetaanouh)
• Korean: 파상풍(破傷風) (pasangpung)
• Latin: tetanus m
• Latvian: stingumkrampji m pl, tetāns m
• Limburgish: wónjstaerkramp m
• Lingala: tetanɔ́si
• Lithuanian: stabligė f
• Lombard: tetan m
• Luxembourgish: Tetanus m, Starrkrampf m
• Macedonian: тетанус m (tetanus)
• Malagasy: tetanosy (mg)
• Malay: kancing gigi
• Malayalam: റ്റെറ്റനസ് (ṟṟeṟṟanasŭ)
• Manx: glassey keeilley m, tetanus m
• Maori: pakaua hukihuki, mate pakaua hukihuki, (mate) kauae timu
• Marathi: धनुर्वात (dhanurvāt)
• Mongolian:

  Cyrillic: татран (mn) (tatran)

  Mongolian: ᠲᠠᠲᠠᠷᠠᠩ (tatarang)

• Nepali: धनुष्टंकार (dhanuṣṭaṅkār)
• Norwegian:

  Bokmål: stivkrampe m, tetanus m

  Nynorsk: stivkrampe m, tetanus m

• Occitan: tetanòs m
• Odia: ଧନୁଷ୍ଟଙ୍କାର (or) (dhanuṣṭaṅkāra)
• Ottoman Turkish: كزاز (küzaz)
• Paraguayan Guarani: ^{(please verify)} tétano
• Persian: کزاز (fa) (kozâz)
• Plautdietsch: Mulkraump f, Tettanus m
• Polish: tężec (pl) m
• Portuguese: tétano (pt) m
• Punjabi: ਧੁਣਖਵਾ (dhuṇkhavā), ਟੈਟਨਸ (ṭaiṭnas)
• Romanian: tetanos (ro) n
• Russian: столбня́к (ru) m (stolbnják)
• Sami:

  Northern Sami: doaŋgegeasáhat

• Scottish Gaelic: galar na glas-guib m
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: тѐтанус m

  Roman: tètanus (sh) m

• Slovak: tetanus m
• Slovene: tetanus (sl) m
• Sorbian:

  Lower Sorbian: tetanus m

  Upper Sorbian: tetanus m

• Spanish: tétanos (es) m
• Sundanese: tétanus
• Swahili: pepopunda (sw) class 9, tetanasi
• Swedish: stelkramp (sv) c
• Tagalog: tetano
• Telugu: ధనుర్వాతము (te) (dhanurvātamu)
• Thai: บาดทะยัก (th) (bàat-tá-yák)
• Tibetan: རྩ་འཁུམ་ནད། (rtsa 'khum nad)
• Turkish: tetanos (tr), kazıklı humma (tr), küzaz
• Ukrainian: праве́ць (uk) m (pravécʹ)
• Uzbek:

  Cyrillic: қоқшол (qoqshol)

  Roman: qoqshol (uz)

• Vietnamese: uốn ván (vi)
• Walloon: tetanosse (wa) m
• Welsh: tetanws m

Further reading

• tetanus on Wikipedia.Wikipedia

Anagrams

• attunes, nutates, Tenutas, tautens, unstate, untaste

Czech

Alternative forms

• tetan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈtɛtanus]
• Hyphenation: te‧ta‧nus

Noun

tetanus m inan

1. tetanus (pathology)

Declension

Declension of tetanus (hard masculine inanimate foreign)

	singular	plural
nominative	tetanus	tetany
genitive	tetanu	tetanů
dative	tetanu	tetanům
accusative	tetanus	tetany
vocative	tetane	tetany
locative	tetanu	tetanech
instrumental	tetanem	tetany

Further reading

• “tetanus”, in Příruční slovník jazyka českého (in Czech), 1935–1957
• “tetanus”, in Slovník spisovného jazyka českého (in Czech), 1960–1971, 1989

Finnish

Etymology

From Latin tetanus.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtetɑnus/, [ˈt̪e̞t̪ɑ̝nus̠]
• Rhymes: -etɑnus
• Syllabification^(key): te‧ta‧nus
• Hyphenation^(key): te‧ta‧nus

Noun

tetanus

1. (pathology) tetanus

Declension

Inflection of tetanus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)
nominative		tetanus	tetanukset
genitive		tetanuksen	tetanusten tetanuksien
partitive		tetanusta	tetanuksia
illative		tetanukseen	tetanuksiin
		singular	plural
nominative		tetanus	tetanukset
accusative	nom.	tetanus	tetanukset
	gen.	tetanuksen
genitive		tetanuksen	tetanusten tetanuksien
partitive		tetanusta	tetanuksia
inessive		tetanuksessa	tetanuksissa
elative		tetanuksesta	tetanuksista
illative		tetanukseen	tetanuksiin
adessive		tetanuksella	tetanuksilla
ablative		tetanukselta	tetanuksilta
allative		tetanukselle	tetanuksille
essive		tetanuksena	tetanuksina
translative		tetanukseksi	tetanuksiksi
abessive		tetanuksetta	tetanuksitta
instructive		—	tetanuksin
comitative		See the possessive forms below.

Possessive forms of tetanus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation)

first-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tetanukseni tetanukseni accusative nom. tetanukseni tetanukseni gen. tetanukseni genitive tetanukseni tetanusteni tetanuksieni partitive tetanustani tetanuksiani inessive tetanuksessani tetanuksissani elative tetanuksestani tetanuksistani illative tetanukseeni tetanuksiini adessive tetanuksellani tetanuksillani ablative tetanukseltani tetanuksiltani allative tetanukselleni tetanuksilleni essive tetanuksenani tetanuksinani translative tetanuksekseni tetanuksikseni abessive tetanuksettani tetanuksittani instructive — — comitative — tetanuksineni second-person singular possessor singular plural nominative tetanuksesi tetanuksesi accusative nom. tetanuksesi tetanuksesi gen. tetanuksesi genitive tetanuksesi tetanustesi tetanuksiesi partitive tetanustasi tetanuksiasi inessive tetanuksessasi tetanuksissasi elative tetanuksestasi tetanuksistasi illative tetanukseesi tetanuksiisi adessive tetanuksellasi tetanuksillasi ablative tetanukseltasi tetanuksiltasi allative tetanuksellesi tetanuksillesi essive tetanuksenasi tetanuksinasi translative tetanukseksesi tetanuksiksesi abessive tetanuksettasi tetanuksittasi instructive — — comitative — tetanuksinesi first-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tetanuksemme tetanuksemme accusative nom. tetanuksemme tetanuksemme gen. tetanuksemme genitive tetanuksemme tetanustemme tetanuksiemme partitive tetanustamme tetanuksiamme inessive tetanuksessamme tetanuksissamme elative tetanuksestamme tetanuksistamme illative tetanukseemme tetanuksiimme adessive tetanuksellamme tetanuksillamme ablative tetanukseltamme tetanuksiltamme allative tetanuksellemme tetanuksillemme essive tetanuksenamme tetanuksinamme translative tetanukseksemme tetanuksiksemme abessive tetanuksettamme tetanuksittamme instructive — — comitative — tetanuksinemme second-person plural possessor singular plural nominative tetanuksenne tetanuksenne accusative nom. tetanuksenne tetanuksenne gen. tetanuksenne genitive tetanuksenne tetanustenne tetanuksienne partitive tetanustanne tetanuksianne inessive tetanuksessanne tetanuksissanne elative tetanuksestanne tetanuksistanne illative tetanukseenne tetanuksiinne adessive tetanuksellanne tetanuksillanne ablative tetanukseltanne tetanuksiltanne allative tetanuksellenne tetanuksillenne essive tetanuksenanne tetanuksinanne translative tetanukseksenne tetanuksiksenne abessive tetanuksettanne tetanuksittanne instructive — — comitative — tetanuksinenne third-person possessor singular plural nominative tetanuksensa tetanuksensa accusative nom. tetanuksensa tetanuksensa gen. tetanuksensa genitive tetanuksensa tetanustensa tetanuksiensa partitive tetanustaan tetanustansa tetanuksiaan tetanuksiansa inessive tetanuksessaan tetanuksessansa tetanuksissaan tetanuksissansa elative tetanuksestaan tetanuksestansa tetanuksistaan tetanuksistansa illative tetanukseensa tetanuksiinsa adessive tetanuksellaan tetanuksellansa tetanuksillaan tetanuksillansa ablative tetanukseltaan tetanukseltansa tetanuksiltaan tetanuksiltansa allative tetanukselleen tetanuksellensa tetanuksilleen tetanuksillensa essive tetanuksenaan tetanuksenansa tetanuksinaan tetanuksinansa translative tetanuksekseen tetanukseksensa tetanuksikseen tetanuksiksensa abessive tetanuksettaan tetanuksettansa tetanuksittaan tetanuksittansa instructive — — comitative — tetanuksineen tetanuksinensa

Synonyms

• jäykkäkouristus

Further reading

• “tetanus”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 3 July 2023

Anagrams

• astunet, sattuen

Indonesian

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin tetanus, from Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos), from τείνω (teínō, “I stretch”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /teˈtanus/ [t̪eˈt̪a.nʊs]
• Rhymes: -anus
• Syllabification: te‧ta‧nus

Noun

tetanus (plural tetanus-tetanus)

1. tetanus
   1. (pathology) a serious and often fatal disease caused by the infection of an open wound with the anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani, found in soil and the intestines and faeces of animals.
   2. (physiology) a state of muscle tension caused by sustained contraction arising from a rapid series of nerve impulses which do not allow the muscle to relax.
2. (pathology) tetany (a condition characterized by painful muscular spasms, caused by faulty calcium metabolism)

Further reading

• “tetanus”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Latin

Etymology

From Ancient Greek τέτανος (tétanos); New Latin usage specific to the bacteria-caused disease.

Noun

tetanus m (genitive tetanī); second declension

1. A stiffness or spasm of the neck; tetanus
2. (New Latin) The disease caused by Clostridium tetani.

Declension

Second-declension noun.

	singular	plural
nominative	tetanus	tetanī
genitive	tetanī	tetanōrum
dative	tetanō	tetanīs
accusative	tetanum	tetanōs
ablative	tetanō	tetanīs
vocative	tetane	tetanī

References

• “tetanus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• "tetanus", in Charles du Fresne du Cange, Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• “tetanus”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

Swedish

Noun

tetanus c

1. (pathology) tetanus

   Synonym: (more common) stelkramp

References

• tetanus in Svensk ordbok (SO)
• tetanus in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
• tetanus in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)