tinggal

Iban

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tiŋ.ɡäl/

Verb

tinggal

1. to leave.

   Sida tinggal ba rumah baka belama.

   They are left in the house as usual.

2. to wait for a short time.

   Tinggal ditu dulu, lagi aku ngambi.

   Stay here first, I'll fetch you later.

Indonesian

Etymology

Inherited from Malay tinggal.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Indonesian) IPA^(key): /ˈtiŋɡal/ [ˈt̪iŋ.ɡal]
• Rhymes: -iŋɡal
• Syllabification: ting‧gal

Verb

tinggal (intransitive)

1. to remain
2. to live, to inhabit, to reside: to have permanent residence somewhere

   Synonym: diam

3. to stay
4. to be left
5. to be in the past
6. to forget

   Synonym: lupa

7. to do the remnant
8. to depend
9. to held back a class

Adjective

tinggal (comparative lebih tinggal, superlative paling tinggal)

1. occupied, inhabited
2. leftover

Derived terms

• bertinggal
• ketertinggalan
• ketinggalan
• meninggal
• meninggali
• meninggalkan
• peninggal
• peninggalan
• pertinggal
• sepeninggal
• tertinggal
• tinggalan

• tinggal bersiul-siul
• tinggal diam
• tinggal waktu

• selamat tinggal (“goodbye”)

Further reading

• “tinggal”, in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia [Great Dictionary of the Indonesian Language] (in Indonesian), Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016

Malay

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷel-

Proto-Indo-Iranian *gál

Proto-Indo-Aryan *gál

Sanskrit गल् (gal)der.

Malay tinggal

According to Loeb (1944), derived from Sanskrit गल् (gal).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtiŋɡal/ [ˈt̪iŋ.ɡal]

• Audio (Malaysia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɡal, -al
• Hyphenation: ting‧gal

Verb

tinggal (Jawi spelling تيڠݢل)

1. to live; to reside (to make one's home in a particular place).

   Synonyms: diam, duduk, menetap

   Saya tinggal di Rawang.

   I live in Rawang.

2. to stay; to remain (to continue to be in a place).

   Synonym: diam

   Sila tinggal di rumah hari ini.

   Please stay at home today.

3. to be left; to remain (to be still present or available after the rest has gone or been used).

   Synonym: baki

   Wang saya tinggal sepuluh ringgit.

   My money left is ten ringgit.

4. to leave; to leave behind; to abandon (to go away from someone or something).

   Synonym: biarkan

   Jangan tinggal barang anda di sini.

   Do not leave your belongings here.

Usage notes

• For the meaning "to leave someone/something behind" (transitive), the active affixed form meninggalkan is much more commonly used in formal Malay. The bare root word is primarily used for the intransitive meanings "to live", "to stay", or "to be left".

Derived terms

Affixations

• bertinggal
• ditinggal
• ditinggalkan (“to be left behind”)
• ketinggalan (“left behind; outdated”)
• meninggal (“to pass away; to die”)
• meninggalkan (“to leave behind; to abandon”)
• peninggalan (“heritage; remains; legacy”)
• tertinggal (“accidentally left behind”)

Compounds

• izin tinggal
• rumah tinggal
• tempat tinggal
• tinggal landas
• tinggal mati
• tinggal tetap

Phrases

• selamat tinggal (“goodbye; farewell”)

Related terms

• meninggal dunia

Descendants

• > Indonesian: tinggal (inherited)

Further reading

• "tinggal" in Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu (PRPM) [Malay Literary Reference Centre (PRPM)] (in Malay), Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2017
  (also see "tinggal" at PRPM first version)

Tagalog

Alternative forms

• tingal — obsolete, Spanish-based spelling

Etymology

Possibly borrowed from Malay tinggal (“to remain; to leave behind”), from Sanskrit गल् (gal), from Proto-Indo-Aryan *gál, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *gál, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷel-. Compare Kapampangan tinggal. For sense “alum”, compare Central Bikol tinggal (“resin typically white, used by goldsmiths for affixing or attaching gold”).

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /tiŋˈɡal/ [t̪ɪŋˈɡ̠al]
• Rhymes: -al
• Syllabification: ting‧gal

Noun

tinggál (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎ᜔)

1. stockpile; store, supply, or stock of something put away for later use

   Synonyms: panustos, imbak, reserba

2. (obsolete) alum

   Synonyms: tawas, alumbre, piyedralumbre, potasa, (obsolete) binghuwan

Adjective

tinggál (Baybayin spelling ᜆᜒᜅ᜔ᜄᜎ᜔)

1. stored up; hoarded

   Synonyms: nakatinggal, nakaimbak, inimbak, pinintong, nakapintong

2. without movement; not moving (such as of merchandise with no buyers)

   Synonym: nakatigil

Derived terms

• itinggal
• magpatinggal
• magtinggal
• maitinggal
• mapagtinggal
• matinggal
• nakatinggal
• pagtinggal
• pagtitinggal
• patinggal
• tinggalan

See also

• bodega
• hantong
• paminggalan
• pintong
• tahan

Further reading

• “tinggal”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, 2018