Egyptian [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
Determiner [ edit ]
f sg proximal demonstrative determiner
( Old Egyptian ) this
Usage notes [ edit ]
This demonstrative follows the noun it describes. By Middle Egyptian, it had become tw .
Inflection [ edit ]
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners
pronouns1
adverbs
number
singular
dual
plural
unmarked
gender
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
unmarked
proximal to speaker
pn
tn , jtn
jpnj
jptnj
jpn
jptn
nn
—
distal
pf
tf
jpfj
jptfj
jpf
jptf
nf
—
proximal to spoken of
pj , pw , py , p
tj , tw , jtw
jpwj
jptwj
jpw
jptw
nw
—
vocative
pꜣ
tꜣ
—
—
—
—
nꜣ
ꜥꜣ
Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns
adverbs
number
singular
plural1
gender
masculine
feminine
unmarked
proximal
pn
tn
nn
ꜥn
distal
pf , pfꜣ
tf , tfꜣ
nf , nfꜣ
ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative
pw , pwy
tw , twy
nw
—
anaphoric
pꜣ
tꜣ
nꜣ
ꜥꜣ
Joined by n(j) to nouns they modify.
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine
feminine
plural
adverb
pronoun
pꜣw
dj
determiners and pronouns
pꜣj
tꜣj
nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
pꜣy
tꜣy
nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
p-n , pꜣ
t-nt , tꜣ
nꜣyw , nꜣ
definite articles
pꜣ
tꜣ
nꜣ 1
indefinite articles
wꜥ 1
nhꜣy 1
Originally joined by n(j) to nouns they modify; later without it.
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Loprieno considers tj a development of (j)sṯ , stj ( “ while ” ) , from Old Egyptian sk . Allen instead sees it as related to tjw ( “ yes ” ) .
Particle [ edit ]
proclitic
converts a sentence with adverbial or verbal predicate into a dependent adverbial (circumstantial) clause; yea , while , when , although
Synonym: jsṯ
Usage notes [ edit ]
When the dependent clause introduced by tj has a personal pronoun as its subject, it takes the dependent form.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tj
Etymology 3 [ edit ]
Pronoun [ edit ]
c sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
Late Egyptian variant of ṯw ( “ you ” )
References [ edit ]
Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN , page 145 .
Junge, Friedrich (2005) Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction , second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, page 77
Finnish [ edit ]
Etymology 1 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
IPA (key ) : /ˈteːˌjiː/ , [ˈt̪e̞ːˌjiː] ( rare )
tj
Abbreviation of toimitusjohtaja ( “ CEO , MD ” ) .
Etymology 2 [ edit ]
Pronunciation [ edit ]
IPA (key ) : /ˈteːˌjiː/ , [ˈt̪e̞ːˌjiː]
tj
( military slang ) Initialism of tänään jäljellä ( “ days left of military service (today) ” , literally “ left/remaining today ” ) .
Tj on 347, kunnes toisin todistetaan.
One has 347 days left until proven otherwise.