Egyptian [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] Etymology 1 [ edit ] Determiner [ edit ] f sg proximal demonstrative determiner
( Old Egyptian ) this Usage notes [ edit ] This demonstrative follows the noun it describes. By Middle Egyptian, it had become tw
Inflection [ edit ]
Old Egyptian demonstratives
determiners
pronouns1
adverbs
number
singular
dual
plural
unmarked
gender
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
masculine
feminine
unmarked
proximal to speaker
pn tn , jtn jpnj jptnj jpn jptn nn —
distal
pf tf jpfj jptfj jpf jptf nf —
proximal to spoken of
pj , pw , py , p tj , tw , jtw jpwj jptwj jpw jptw nw —
vocative
pꜣ tꜣ — — — — nꜣ ꜥꜣ
Unmarked for number and gender, but treated syntactically as masculine plurals when used with participles and relative forms, and as feminine singulars when referred to by resumptive pronouns.
Middle Egyptian demonstratives
determiners and pronouns
adverbs
number
singular
plural1
gender
masculine
feminine
unmarked
proximal
pn tn nn ꜥn
distal
pf , pfꜣ tf , tfꜣ nf , nfꜣ ꜥf
‘copula’; vocative
pw , pwy tw , twy nw —
anaphoric
pꜣ tꜣ nꜣ ꜥꜣ
Joined by n(j)
Late Egyptian demonstratives and articles
masculine
feminine
plural
adverb
pronoun
pꜣw dj
determiners and pronouns
pꜣj tꜣj nꜣj
possessive determiners (used with suffix pronouns)
pꜣy tꜣy nꜣy
relational pronouns (‘possessive prefixes’)
p-n , pꜣ t-nt , tꜣ nꜣyw , nꜣ
definite articles
pꜣ tꜣ nꜣ 1
indefinite articles
wꜥ 1 nhꜣy 1
Originally joined by n(j)
Etymology 2 [ edit ] Loprieno considers tj a development of (j)sṯ stj ( “ while ” ) , from Old Egyptian sk tjw ( “ yes ” ) .
Particle [ edit ] proclitic
converts a sentence with adverbial or verbal predicate into a dependent adverbial (circumstantial) clause; yea , while , when , although
Synonym: jsṯ Usage notes [ edit ] When the dependent clause introduced by tj has a personal pronoun as its subject, it takes the dependent form.
Alternative forms [ edit ]
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of tj
Etymology 3 [ edit ] Pronoun [ edit ] c sg 2. enclitic (‘dependent’) pronoun
Late Egyptian variant of ṯw ( “ you ” ) References [ edit ] Loprieno, Antonio, Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995, →ISBN
James P[eter] Allen , Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs , 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010, →ISBN page 145 .Junge, Friedrich, Late Egyptian Grammar: An Introduction , second English edition, Oxford: Griffith Institute, 2005, page 77 Finnish [ edit ] Etymology 1 [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] IPA (key ) : /ˈteːˌjiː/ , [ˈt̪e̞ːˌjiː] ( rare ) tj
Abbreviation of toimitusjohtaja ( “ CEO , MD ” ) .Etymology 2 [ edit ] Pronunciation [ edit ] IPA (key ) : /ˈteːˌjiː/ , [ˈt̪e̞ːˌjiː] tj
( military slang ) Initialism of tänään jäljellä ( “ days left of military service (today) ” , literally “ left/remaining today ” ) .
Tj on 347, kunnes toisin todistetaan.One has 347 days left until proven otherwise. 
