torus
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See also: Torus
English
[edit]
Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Latin torus (“a round, swelling, elevation, protuberance”).
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈtɔː.ɹəs/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈtɔɹ.əs/
- (General Australian) IPA(key): /ˈtoː.ɹəs/
Audio (General Australian): (file)
- Rhymes: -ɔːɹəs
- Homophone: Taurus (horse–hoarse merger)
Noun
[edit]torus (plural tori or toruses)
- (geometry) The standard representation of such a space in 3-dimensional Euclidean space: a surface or solid formed by rotating a closed curve, especially a circle, about a line which lies in the same plane but does not intersect it (e.g. like a ring doughnut).
- Hypernym: toroid
- (topology) A topological space which is a product of two circles.
- A 4-variable Karnaugh map can be thought of, topologically, as being a torus.
- Hyponym: solid torus
- A ring-shaped object, especially a large ring-shaped chamber used in physical research.
- (architecture) A large convex molding, typically semicircular in cross section, which commonly projects at the base of a column and above the plinth.
- (anatomy) A rounded ridge of bone or muscle, especially one on the occipital bone.
- (botany) The end of the peduncle or flower stalk to which the floral parts (or in the Asteraceae, the florets of a flower head) are attached.
- Synonyms: receptacle, thalamus
- (botany) The thickening of a membrane closing a wood-cell pit (as of gymnosperm tracheids) having the secondary cell wall arched over the pit cavity.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Translations
[edit]shape in 3-dimensional Euclidean space
|
topological space
convex molding
receptacle
|
- The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout § Translations.
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- “torus”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.
- “torus”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.
Anagrams
[edit]Dutch
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Audio: (file)
Hyphenation: to‧rus
Noun
[edit]torus m (plural torussen, diminutive torusje n)
Finnish
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- IPA(key): /ˈtorus/, [ˈt̪o̞rus̠]
- IPA(key): /ˈtoːrus/, [ˈt̪o̞ːrus̠] (proscribed)
- Rhymes: -orus
- Syllabification(key): to‧rus
Noun
[edit]torus
Declension
[edit]| Inflection of torus (Kotus type 39/vastaus, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | torus | torukset | |
| genitive | toruksen | torusten toruksien | |
| partitive | torusta | toruksia | |
| illative | torukseen | toruksiin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | torus | torukset | |
| accusative | nom. | torus | torukset |
| gen. | toruksen | ||
| genitive | toruksen | torusten toruksien | |
| partitive | torusta | toruksia | |
| inessive | toruksessa | toruksissa | |
| elative | toruksesta | toruksista | |
| illative | torukseen | toruksiin | |
| adessive | toruksella | toruksilla | |
| ablative | torukselta | toruksilta | |
| allative | torukselle | toruksille | |
| essive | toruksena | toruksina | |
| translative | torukseksi | toruksiksi | |
| abessive | toruksetta | toruksitta | |
| instructive | — | toruksin | |
| comitative | See the possessive forms below. | ||
Etymology 2
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]torus
- second-person singular present imperative of torua (with enclitic -s)
Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Alternative forms
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Of uncertain origin.
De Vaan proposes a tentative derivation from a Proto-Indo-European *torh₂-os, from *terh₂- (“to cross, go through”). This is formally and semantically solid, though there is little linguistic evidence to support it.
An older theory by Leumann derived the word from sternō (“to spread”), itself from Proto-Indo-European *sterh₃- (“to spread, extend”), but the connection between the two Latin words is semantically dubious (one would expect torus to be derived from a verb meaning "to turn" or "to knot" rather than "to spread").[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔrʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈto.rus/, [ˈt̪ɔːrus]
Noun
[edit]torus m (genitive torī); second declension
- round, swelling, bulging place; elevation, protuberance
- bulge, knot
- (zootomy, usually poetic) muscular or fleshly part, muscle, brawn of an animal bodies
- (transferred sense, botany) bulge, thickness of trees
- raised ornament, knot on a garland
- (usually poetic) bolster, cushion; bed, couch, sofa
- marriage bed
- (transferred sense, figuratively) marriage (sometimes any sexual relationship)
- Synonym: thalamus
- marriage bed
- embankment, elevation of earth
- (architecture) large round molding at the base of a column
Inflection
[edit]Second-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | torus | torī |
| Genitive | torī | torōrum |
| Dative | torō | torīs |
| Accusative | torum | torōs |
| Ablative | torō | torīs |
| Vocative | tore | torī |
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]Descendants of torus
References
[edit]- “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “torus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- torus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- “torus”, in The Perseus Project (1999) Perseus Encyclopedia[1]
- “torus”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “torus”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 625
Anagrams
[edit]Swedish
[edit]Noun
[edit]torus c
- (geometry, topology) torus; a shape consisting of a ring, or an object of the same topology residing in a space of higher dimension; especially considered as a Cartesian product of two circles in a four-dimensional space
Declension
[edit]Declension of torus
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Categories:
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/ɔːɹəs
- Rhymes:English/ɔːɹəs/2 syllables
- English terms with homophones
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- English nouns with irregular plurals
- en:Geometry
- en:Surfaces
- en:Topology
- English terms with usage examples
- en:Architecture
- en:Anatomy
- en:Botany
- Dutch terms derived from Latin
- Dutch terms with audio pronunciation
- Dutch lemmas
- Dutch nouns
- Dutch nouns with plural in -en
- Dutch masculine nouns
- nl:Geometry
- Finnish terms derived from Latin
- Finnish 2-syllable words
- Finnish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Finnish/orus
- Rhymes:Finnish/orus/2 syllables
- Finnish lemmas
- Finnish nouns
- fi:Geometry
- fi:Topology
- Finnish vastaus-type nominals
- Finnish non-lemma forms
- Finnish verb forms
- Latin terms with unknown etymologies
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
- Latin terms with IPA pronunciation
- Latin lemmas
- Latin nouns
- Latin second declension nouns
- Latin masculine nouns in the second declension
- Latin masculine nouns
- la:Animal body parts
- Latin poetic terms
- Latin terms with transferred senses
- la:Botany
- Latin terms with quotations
- la:Architecture
- Swedish lemmas
- Swedish nouns
- Swedish common-gender nouns
- sv:Geometry
- sv:Topology