tres

See also: Appendix:Variations of "tres"

English

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Spanish tres (“three”). Doublet of three and trey.

Noun

tres (plural treses)

1. (music) A three-course stringed instrument similar to a guitar; the Cuban variant has six strings, and the Puerto Rican has nine.

Derived terms

• tresero

Related terms

• tres leches
• tres-tine

Translations

guitar-like instrument

• Spanish: tres cubano m, tres (es) m

See also

• Appendix:Glossary of chordophones

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

tres

1. plural of tre

Anagrams

• Rest., 'rest, rest., REST, -ster, ERTs, rets, erst, rest, RETs, TERs, SERT, estr-, -estr-

Albanian

Etymology

From Proto-Albanian *trōtja, etymologically identical with Proto-Slavic *trǫtja (“to spend, waste”).

Verb

tres (aorist treta, participle tretur)

1. to dissolve, digest, melt down, lose weight
2. to throw away

Derived terms

• tretje

Aragonese

Aragonese cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

tres

1. three

Asturian

Asturian cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres     Ordinal : terceru

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /tɾes/ [t̪ɾes]
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: tres

Etymology 1

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

tres (indeclinable)

1. three

Usage notes

When there is possibility of confusion with the preposition tres, the numeral tres is accented as trés

Etymology 2

From Latin trāns (“beyond, on the other side”). Compare Spanish tras.

Preposition

tres

1. behind, beyond
2. after

Further reading

• Xosé Lluis García Arias (2002–2004), “tres”, in Diccionario general de la lengua asturiana [General Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Spanish), Editorial Prensa Asturiana, →ISBN
• “tres”, in Diccionariu de la llingua asturiana [Dictionary of the Asturian Language] (in Asturian), 1ª edición, Academia de la Llingua Asturiana, 2000, →ISBN

Bikol Central

Bikol Central numbers ^(edit)

	30[a], [b]
[a], [b] ←  2	3	4  → [a], [b]
Cardinal: tulo, tres     Ordinal: ikatulo, tersero

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tres.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/ [ˈtɾes]
• Hyphenation: tres

Numeral

tres (Basahan spelling ᜆ᜔ᜍᜒᜐ᜔)

1. three

   Synonym: tulo

Derived terms

• tersero, terser
• tres siyentos
• trese
• treynta

Catalan

Catalan numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tres     Ordinal: tercer     Ordinal abbreviation: 3r     Multiplier: triple     Fractional: terç
Catalan Wikipedia article on 3

Etymology

Inherited from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognates include Occitan and Spanish tres, Italian tre, French trois.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (Central) [ˈtɾɛs]
• IPA^(key): (Balearic) [ˈtɾəs]
• IPA^(key): (Valencia) [ˈtɾes]

• Audio (Catalonia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ɛs

Numeral

tres m or f

1. (cardinal number) three

Derived terms

• tenir en cap a tres quarts de quinze (“be absent-minded or crazy”)
• en un tres i no res
• buscar tres peus al gat (“search for all the inconveniences”)

Noun

tres m (plural tresos)

1. three
2. (castells) a castell with three castellers on each level of the tronc

Further reading

• “tres”, in Diccionari de la llengua catalana [Dictionary of the Catalan Language] (in Catalan), second edition, Institute of Catalan Studies [Catalan: Institut d'Estudis Catalans], April 2007

Danish

Etymology

Clipping of tresindstyve.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtres/, [ˈtˢʁ̥æs]
• Rhymes: -as

Numeral

tres

1. sixty

   Synonyms: tresindstyve, seksti

Related terms

• tressende (“sixtieth”)
• tresser (“sixties”)
• tresindstyvende (“sixtieth”)

References

• “tres” in Den Danske Ordbog
• “tres” in Ordbog over det danske Sprog

Extremaduran

Etymology

Akin to Spanish, from Latin.

Numeral

tres

1. three

Fala

Fala numbers ^(edit)

←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tres     Ordinal: terceiru

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tres, from Latin trēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/
• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: tres

Numeral

tres

1. three

Further reading

• Valeš, Miroslav (2021), Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)‎^[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN, page 273

Galician

Galician numbers ^(edit)

	30
[a], [b], [c] ←  2	3	4  → [a], [b]
Cardinal (standard): tres     Cardinal (reintegrationist): três     Ordinal: terceiro     Ordinal abbreviation: 3º     Multiplier: triplo     Fractional (standard): terzo     Fractional (reintegrationist): terço
Galician Wikipedia article on 3

Alternative forms

• três (reintegrationist)

Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese tres, from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/ [ˈt̪ɾes̺]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -es
• Hyphenation: tres

Numeral

tres (indeclinable)

1. three

Further reading

• “tres”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2025

Ilocano

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tres.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/ [ˈtɾes]
• Hyphenation: tres

Numeral

tres (Kur-itan spelling ᜆ᜔ᜎᜒᜐ᜔)

1. three

   Synonym: tallo

Interlingua

Numeral

tres

1. three

Kabuverdianu

Kabuverdianu cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

Proto-Italic *trēs

Latin trēs

Old Galician-Portuguese tres

Portuguese trêsder.

Kabuverdianu tres

From Portuguese três.

Numeral

tres

1. three (3)

Kristang

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

Proto-Italic *trēs

Latin trēs

Old Galician-Portuguese tres

Portuguese trêsder.

Kristang tres

From Portuguese tres, from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Numeral

tres

1. three

Ladino

Alternative forms

• trez

Etymology

Inherited from Old Spanish tres (“three”), from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• Audio (Istanbul):

  (file)

Numeral

tres (Hebrew spelling טריס)

1. three (3) [ca. 1510]
   • 2006, Matilda Koén-Sarano, Por el plazer de kontar‎^[2], page 417:

     “No… aspera…tengo aínda sesh… sinko…tres…dos… mezes para arivar a sesenta anyos. No mires ke tengo los kaveyos blankos!”

     “No… wait… I still have six… five… three… two… months before I am sixty years old. Don’t look [at me like] I have grey hair!”

Related terms

• terser
• tersio
• tredje
• trenta
• triple

Latin

Latin numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	III 3	4  →
Cardinal: trēs     Ordinal: tertius     Adverbial: ter     Proportional: triplus     Multiplier: triplex     Distributive: ternus, trīnus     Collective: terniō     Fractional: triēns

Alternative forms

• tris
• Symbol: III

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

Proto-Italic *trēs

Latin tres

From Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes. Cognates include Sanskrit त्रि (trí), Ancient Greek τρεῖς (treîs) and Old English þrēo (English three).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈtreːs]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈt̪rɛs]

Numeral

Cerberus canis trium capitum est (Cerberus is a three-headed dog).

trēs (neuter tria); third-declension two-termination numeral, plural only

1. three; 3
   • 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 4.450–451:

     tria Cerberus extulit ora et tres latratus semel edidit

     Cerberus put forth three mouths and issued three barks at once

   • 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Samuelis II.14.27:

     nati sunt autem Absalom filii tres et filia una nomine Thamar eleganti forma

     And unto Absalom there were born three sons, and one daughter, whose name was Tamar: she was a woman of a fair countenance

Usage notes

See Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers

Declension

Third-declension two-termination adjective, plural only.

	plural
	masc./fem.	neuter
nominative	trēs	tria
genitive	trium
dative	tribus
accusative	trīs trēs	tria
ablative	tribus
vocative	trēs	tria

• Trifos is an old ablative form.

Derived terms

• tri-
• triduus
• trihōrius
• trimēstris
• trīmulus
• trīmus

Related terms

• tertiārius
• tertius
• trias
• triplex

Descendants

• Balkan Romance:
  • Aromanian: trei
  • Istro-Romanian: trei
  • Megleno-Romanian: trei
  • Romanian: trei
• Dalmatian:
  • tra
• Italo-Romance:
  • Corsican: trè
  • Italian: tre
  • Neapolitan: tre, tréje
  • Sicilian: tri
• North Italian:
  • Friulian: trê
  • Ladin: trei
  • Ligurian: træ
  • Romagnol: tri, trẹ (San Marino)
  • Romansch: trais
  • Venetan: tre
• Gallo-Romance:
  • Franco-Provençal: três
  • Old French: trois, treis (12th c., or Anglo-Norman), troys
    • Middle French: troys
      • French: trois
        • Haitian Creole: twa
        • Louisiana Creole: trò, trwa
    • Norman: trais
    • Walloon: troes
    • → Middle English: trey, trais, tray, treis, treys, treyse
      • English: trey
• Occitano-Gallo-Romance:
  • Catalan: tres
  • Occitan: tres
• Ibero-Romance:
  • Old Leonese:
    • Asturian: tres
    • Leonese: trés
    • Mirandese: trés
  • Old Galician-Portuguese: tres
    • Fala: tres
    • Galician: tres
    • Portuguese: três
  • Old Spanish: tres
    • Ladino: trez
    • Spanish: tres
• Insular Romance:
  • Sardinian: tres

See also

• Appendix:Latin cardinal numbers

References

• “tres”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “tres”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• "tres", in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[3], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • (ambiguous) a word with you: tribus verbis te volo
    

Middle English

Noun

tres

1. plural of tre

Middle French

Adverb

tres

1. manuscript form of trés

Norwegian Bokmål

Verb

tres

1. passive of tre (Etymologies 3 & 4)

Occitan

Occitan cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres     Ordinal : tresen

Etymology

From Old Occitan tres, from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/

• Audio (Béarn):

  (file)

• Hyphenation: tres

Numeral

tres

1. three

Related terms

• trenta
• tresen

Old Galician-Portuguese

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *tréyes

Proto-Italic *trēs

Latin trēs

Old Galician-Portuguese tres

Inherited from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes̺/

Numeral

tres

1. three (3)

Descendants

• Fala: tres
• Galician: tres
• Portuguese: três

Old Occitan

Numeral

tres

1. three (3)

Descendants

• Occitan: tres

Old Spanish

Old Spanish cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres     Ordinal : tercero

Alternative forms

• III (representation in Roman numerals)

Etymology

From Latin trēs.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/

Numeral

tres

1. three

Related terms

• tercero

Descendants

• Spanish: tres

Papiamentu

Papiamentu cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres

Etymology

From Portuguese três and Spanish tres and Kabuverdianu tres.

Numeral

tres

1. three (3)

Portuguese

Numeral

tres m or f

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of três

Adjective

tres m or f

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of três

Noun

tres m (invariable)

1. pre-reform spelling (used until 1943 in Brazil and 1911 in Portugal) of três

Romansch

Alternative forms

• trais (Rumantsch Grischun, Puter, Vallader)
• treis (Sursilvan, Surmiran)

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Number

tres

1. (Sutsilvan) three

Sardinian

Sardinian cardinal numbers

<  2	3	4  >
Cardinal : tres

Etymology

From Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtres/, [ˈtɾɛː.zɛ̆]

Numeral

tres

1. three

Spanish

Spanish numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tres     Ordinal: tercero     Apocopated ordinal: tercer     Ordinal abbreviation: 3.º     Multiplier: triple     Fractional: tercio
Spanish Wikipedia article on 3

Etymology

Inherited from Latin trēs, from Proto-Italic *trēs, from Proto-Indo-European *tréyes.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/ [ˈt̪ɾes]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: tres

Numeral

tres

1. three
   • 2022 June 3, Sandee LaMotte, “El efecto 'Benjamin Button': científicos logran revertir el envejecimiento en ratones. El objetivo es hacer lo mismo con los humanos”, in CNN en Español‎^[4]:

     Los ensayos clínicos que prueban la molécula en humanos han estado en marcha durante tres años, dijo Sinclair.

     (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Derived terms

• a dos por tres
• a las tres va la vencida
• andar a tres menos cuartillo
• cada dos por tres
• como tres y dos son cinco
• de tres al cuarto
• de tres pares de narices
• dos que tres
• en un dos por tres
• hambre de tres semanas
• la Ciudad de las Tres Culturas
• ni a la de tres
• no ver tres en un burro
• pasarse tres pueblos
• regla de tres
• sombrero de tres candiles
• sombrero de tres picos
• tres cuartos de lo mismo
• tres en raya

Related terms

• tercer
• tercia
• terciario
• tercio
• trece
• treinta

Further reading

• “tres”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 10 December 2024

Tagalog

Tagalog numbers ^(edit)

	30
←  2	3	4  →
Cardinal: tatlo     Spanish cardinal: tres     Ordinal: ikatlo, ikatatlo, pangatlo     Spanish ordinal: tersero, tersera     Ordinal abbreviation: ika-3, pang-3     Adverbial: makatlo, makaitlo, makatatlo     Multiplier: triple, tatlong ibayo     Distributive: tigtatlo, tatluhan, tatlo-tatlo     Restrictive: tatatlo     Fractional: katlo, sangkatlo, saikatlo
Tagalog Wikipedia article on 3

Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish tres.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /ˈtɾes/ [ˈt̪ɾɛs]

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -es
• Syllabification: tres

Numeral

tres (Baybayin spelling ᜆ᜔ᜇᜒᜐ᜔)

1. three

   Synonym: tatlo

2. (basketball) three-point shot

Derived terms

• ikatres

Related terms

• a-tres
• a-trese
• alas-tres
• beynte tres
• kuwarenta y tres
• nobenta y tres
• otsenta y tres
• sesenta y tres
• setenta y tres
• singkuwenta y tres
• tersiyopelo
• Tres Marias
• tres-siyete
• trese
• tresyentos
• treynta y tres
• tridwo
• triyanggular
• triyanggulasyon
• triyanggulo

Further reading

• “tres”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018