tricher
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Inherited from Middle French tricher, from Old French tricher, trichier (“to defraud, conceal, cheat”), of disputed origin. Possibly from Vulgar Latin *triccāre, from Late Latin tricāre, from Latin trīcārī (“dodge, shun, look for detours; quibble, haggle”), from trīcae. Compare Italian treccare, Old Occitan trichar, Catalan and Occitan trigar, Portuguese trigar.
Alternatively possibly of Germanic origin, from Middle High German trechen (as in zuotrechen (“to obtain falsely or deceitfully, wangle, finagle”)); compare also Middle Dutch treck, trec (“stratagem, ruse, guile, trick, sleight”), English trick. More at trick.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tricher
- to cheat
- Je l’ai vu tricher pendant le devoir surveillé.
- I saw him cheating during the test.
- 1966, Jacques Brel (lyrics and music), “Ces gens-là”:
- Faut vous dire Monsieur que chez ces gens-là / On ne vit pas Monsieur, on ne vit pas, on triche
- You must know, sir, that with these people / They don't live, sir, they don't live, they cheat
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | simple | tricher | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
present participle or gerund1 | simple | trichant /tʁi.ʃɑ̃/ | |||||
compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
past participle | triché /tʁi.ʃe/ | ||||||
singular | plural | ||||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | triche /tʁiʃ/ |
triches /tʁiʃ/ |
triche /tʁiʃ/ |
trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/ |
trichez /tʁi.ʃe/ |
trichent /tʁiʃ/ |
imperfect | trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/ |
trichais /tʁi.ʃɛ/ |
trichait /tʁi.ʃɛ/ |
trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/ |
trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/ |
trichaient /tʁi.ʃɛ/ | |
past historic2 | trichai /tʁi.ʃe/ |
trichas /tʁi.ʃa/ |
tricha /tʁi.ʃa/ |
trichâmes /tʁi.ʃam/ |
trichâtes /tʁi.ʃat/ |
trichèrent /tʁi.ʃɛʁ/ | |
future | tricherai /tʁiʃ.ʁe/ |
tricheras /tʁiʃ.ʁa/ |
trichera /tʁiʃ.ʁa/ |
tricherons /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/ |
tricherez /tʁiʃ.ʁe/ |
tricheront /tʁiʃ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
conditional | tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ |
tricherais /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ |
tricherait /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ |
tricherions /tʁi.ʃə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
tricheriez /tʁi.ʃə.ʁje/ |
tricheraient /tʁiʃ.ʁɛ/ | |
(compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
(simple tenses) |
present | triche /tʁiʃ/ |
triches /tʁiʃ/ |
triche /tʁiʃ/ |
trichions /tʁi.ʃjɔ̃/ |
trichiez /tʁi.ʃje/ |
trichent /tʁiʃ/ |
imperfect2 | trichasse /tʁi.ʃas/ |
trichasses /tʁi.ʃas/ |
trichât /tʁi.ʃa/ |
trichassions /tʁi.ʃa.sjɔ̃/ |
trichassiez /tʁi.ʃa.sje/ |
trichassent /tʁi.ʃas/ | |
(compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | – | – | ||||
simple | — | triche /tʁiʃ/ |
— | trichons /tʁi.ʃɔ̃/ |
trichez /tʁi.ʃe/ |
— | |
compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). |
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “tricher”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Old French
[edit]Verb
[edit]tricher
- alternative infinitive of trichier
Conjugation
[edit]This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
simple | compound | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
infinitive | tricher | avoir triché | |||||
gerund | en trichant | gerund of avoir + past participle | |||||
present participle | trichant | ||||||
past participle | triché | ||||||
person | singular | plural | |||||
first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
simple tenses |
present | triche | triches | triche | trichons | trichez | trichent |
imperfect | trichoie, tricheie, trichoe, tricheve | trichoies, tricheies, trichoes, tricheves | trichoit, tricheit, trichot, tricheve | trichiiens, trichiens | trichiiez, trichiez | trichoient, tricheient, trichoent, trichevent | |
preterite | trichai | trichas | tricha | trichames | trichastes | tricherent | |
future | tricherai | tricheras | trichera | tricherons | tricheroiz, trichereiz, tricherez | tricheront | |
conditional | tricheroie, trichereie | tricheroies, trichereies | tricheroit, trichereit | tricheriiens, tricheriens | tricheriiez, tricheriez | tricheroient, trichereient | |
compound tenses |
present perfect | present tense of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
past anterior | preterite tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
future perfect | future tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
conditional perfect | conditional tense of avoir + past participle | ||||||
subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
simple tenses |
present | triche | triches | triche | trichons | trichez | trichent |
imperfect | trichasse | trichasses | trichast | trichissons, trichissiens | trichissoiz, trichissez, trichissiez | trichassent | |
compound tenses |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
pluperfect | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
— | triche | — | trichons | trichez | — |
Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Greek τρικέρι (trikéri).
Noun
[edit]tricher n (plural trichere)
Declension
[edit]singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | ||
nominative-accusative | tricher | tricherul | trichere | tricherele | |
genitive-dative | tricher | tricherului | trichere | tricherelor | |
vocative | tricherule | tricherelor |
- French terms inherited from Middle French
- French terms derived from Middle French
- French terms inherited from Old French
- French terms derived from Old French
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- French terms derived from Vulgar Latin
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- French terms derived from Late Latin
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- Romanian terms borrowed from Greek
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