tukkuma
Estonian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Finnic *nukkudak.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]tukkuma (da-infinitive tukkuda)
- to doze, to slumber
- Kass tukkus aknalaual päikese käes.
- The cat slumbered on the windowsill, in the sun.
- (figurative, of inanimate things) to sleep, to rest, to lie dormant
- Kõik on vaikne, tuulgi tukub.
- Everything is quiet, even the wind is lying dormant.
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of tukkuma (ÕS type 28/õppima, kk-k gradation)
| indicative | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tukun | ei tuku | 1st sing. | olen tukkunud | ei ole tukkunud pole tukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tukud | 2nd sing. | oled tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tukub | 3rd sing. | on tukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tukume | 1st plur. | oleme tukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tukute | 2nd plur. | olete tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tukuvad | 3rd plur. | on tukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | tukutakse | ei tukuta | impersonal | on tukutud | ei ole tukutud pole tukutud | ||||
| past | pluperfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tukkusin | ei tukkunud | 1st sing. | olin tukkunud | ei olnud tukkunud polnud tukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tukkusid | 2nd sing. | olid tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tukkus | 3rd sing. | oli tukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tukkusime | 1st plur. | olime tukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tukkusite | 2nd plur. | olite tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tukkusid | 3rd plur. | oli tukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | tukuti | ei tukutud | impersonal | oli tukutud | ei olnud tukutud polnud tukutud | ||||
| conditional | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | tukuksin | ei tukuks | 1st sing. | tukkunuksin oleksin tukkunud |
ei tukkunuks ei oleks tukkunud poleks tukkunud | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tukuksid | 2nd sing. | tukkunuksid oleksid tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd sing. | tukuks | 3rd sing. | tukkunuks oleks tukkunud | ||||||
| 1st plur. | tukuksime | 1st plur. | tukkunuksime oleksime tukkunud | ||||||
| 2nd plur. | tukuksite | 2nd plur. | tukkunuksite oleksite tukkunud | ||||||
| 3rd plur. | tukuksid | 3rd plur. | tukkunuksid oleksid tukkunud | ||||||
| impersonal | tukutaks | ei tukutaks | impersonal | oleks tukutud | ei oleks tukutud poleks tukutud | ||||
| imperative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative | ||||
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — | ||||
| 2nd sing. | tuku | ära tuku | 2nd sing. | ole tukkunud | ära ole tukkunud | ||||
| 3rd sing. | tukkugu | ärgu tukkugu | 3rd sing. | olgu tukkunud | ärgu olgu tukkunud | ||||
| 1st plur. | tukkugem | ärme tukume ärme tuku ärgem tukkugem |
1st plur. | olgem tukkunud | ärme oleme tukkunud ärme ole tukkunud ärgem olgem tukkunud | ||||
| 2nd plur. | tukkuge | ärge tukkuge | 2nd plur. | olge tukkunud | ärge olge tukkunud | ||||
| 3rd plur. | tukkugu | ärgu tukkugu | 3rd plur. | olgu tukkunud | ärgu olgu tukkunud | ||||
| impersonal | tukutagu | ärgu tukutagu | impersonal | olgu tukutud | ärgu olgu tukutud | ||||
| quotative | |||||||||
| present | perfect | ||||||||
| voice | positive | negative | voice | positive | negative | ||||
| active | tukkuvat | ei tukkuvat | active | olevat tukkunud | ei olevat tukkunud polevat tukkunud | ||||
| passive | tukutavat | ei tukutavat | passive | olevat tukutud | ei olevat tukutud polevat tukutud | ||||
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
| ma-infinitive | active | passive | present | past | |||||
| nominative | tukkuma | tukutama | da-infinitive | tukkuda | olla tukkunud | ||||
| illative | — | des-infinitive | tukkudes | olles tukkunud | |||||
| inessive | tukkumas | participle | active | passive | |||||
| elative | tukkumast | present | tukkuv | tukutav | |||||
| translative | tukkumaks | past | tukkunud | tukutud | |||||
| abessive | tukkumata | negative | tukkumatu | — | |||||
Derived terms
[edit]verbs
References
[edit]- tukkuma in Sõnaveeb (Eesti Keele Instituut)
- “tukkuma”, in [EKSS] Eesti keele seletav sõnaraamat [Descriptive Dictionary of the Estonian Language] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2009
- “tukkuma”, in [SP] Eesti keele sõnapered [Estonian Word Families] (in Estonian) (online version, continuously updated), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012–