vice

See also: Vice, více, and vice-

English

Pronunciation

• (UK, US) IPA^(key): /vaɪs/

• Audio (US)

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aɪs
• Homophone: vise

Etymology 1

From Anglo-Norman, from Old French, from Latin vitium (“fault or blemish”).

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. A bad habit.

   Gluttony is a vice, not a virtue.

2. (law) Any of various crimes related (depending on jurisdiction) to prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, or drugs.
3. A defect in the temper or behaviour of a horse, such as to make the animal dangerous, to injure its health, or to diminish its usefulness.
   • From the case of Scholefield v. Robb (1839). Gilligan, Brenda (2002) Practical Horse Law‎^[1], ISBN 0-632-05673-8: “So a horse with say, navicular disease, making him suitable only for light hacking, would probably be unsound, whereas rearing would be a vice, being a "defect in the temper... making it dangerous". A vice can however render a horse unsound - possibly a crib biter will damage its wind.”

Antonyms

• (bad habit): virtue

Derived terms

• inherent vice
• vice squad

Related terms

• vicious
• vitiate

Translations

bad habit

• Albanian: ves (sq) m
• Catalan: vici (ca) m
• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 惡習 (zh), 恶习 (zh) (èxí)

• Czech: zlozvyk m, neřest (cs) f, nešvar m
• Danish: last (da), dårlig vane
• Dutch: ondeugd (nl) f, verdorvenheid (nl) f, zonde (nl) f
• Esperanto: malvirto
• Finnish: pahe (fi)
• French: vice (fr) m
• Georgian: მანკი (manḳi), წუნი (c̣uni), ზადი (ka) (zadi), ნაკლი (ka) (naḳli)
• German: Laster (de) n, Lasterhaftigkeit f, Untugend (de) f
• Greek: ελάττωμα (el) n (eláttoma)

  Ancient: ἐλάττωμα n (eláttōma)

• Hebrew: עבריינות‎‎ f (avarjanút), השחתת מידות‎‎ f (hashkhatát midót)
• Ido: vicio (io)
• Irish: ainbhéas m, anlocht m, drochbhéas m, drochghnáthú m

• Italian: vizio (it)
• Japanese: 悪習 (ja) (あくしゅう, akushū)
• Korean: 악습 (ko) (akseup)
• Latin: vitium n
• Maori: kino (mi)
• Polish: nałóg (pl) m
• Portuguese: vício (pt) m, mania (pt) f
• Romanian: viciu (ro)
• Russian: поро́к (ru) m (porók)
• Sanskrit: व्यसन (sa) n (vyasana)
• Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic: ма́на f, по̀рок f

  Roman: mána (sh) f, pòrok (sh) f

• Spanish: vicio (es) m
• Swedish: last (sv) c, dålig vana c, ovana (sv) c
• Turkish: ahlaksızlık (tr), fuhuş (tr)
• Volapük: lesinod (vo)

crime related to prostitution, pornography, gambling, alcohol, or drugs

• Chinese:

  Mandarin: 罪惡 (zh), 罪恶 (zh) (zuì'è), 犯罪 (zh) (fànzuì), 魔道 (zh) (módào), 歪路 (zh) (wāilù), 邪路 (zh) (xiélù)

• Finnish: seksikauppa (fi) (just prostitution)
• German: Sittenvergehen n
• Hebrew: עבריינות מין‎‎ (avarjanút min), עבריינות סמים‎‎ (avarjanút samím)

• Japanese: 罪悪 (ja) (ざいあく, zaiaku), 犯罪 (ja) (はんざい, hanzai)
• Korean: 죄악 (joeak), 범죄 (ko) (beomjoe)
• Russian: поро́к (ru) m (porók)
• Turkish: (just prostitution) fuhuş (tr)

The translations below need to be checked and inserted above into the appropriate translation tables, removing any numbers. Numbers do not necessarily match those in definitions. See instructions at Wiktionary:Entry layout#Translations.

Translations to be checked

• French: (1) ^{(please verify)} vice (fr), (2) ^{(please verify)} mœurs (fr), (3) ^{(please verify)} étau (fr)
• Irish: ^{(please verify)} duáilce f

• Italian: (1) ^{(please verify)} vizio (it), (2), (3) ^{(please verify)} morsa (it)

See also

• habit

Etymology 2

From French vis (“screw, winding stairs”), from Old French vis, viz, from Latin vitis (“vine”). Akin to English withy.

Alternative forms

• vise (US)

Noun

vice (plural vices)

1. A mechanical screw apparatus used for clamping or holding (also spelled vise).
2. A tool for drawing lead into cames, or flat grooved rods, for casements.
3. (obsolete) A grip or grasp.
   • 1597, William Shakespeare, King Henry IV, Second Part, II. I. 22:

     Fang. An I but fist him once; an a’ come but within my vice,–

4. (architecture) A winding or spiral staircase.

Translations

screw apparatus — see vise

Verb

vice (third-person singular simple present vices, present participle vicing, simple past and past participle viced)

1. To hold or squeeze with a vice, or as if with a vice.
   • 1610, William Shakespeare, The Winter's Tale, I. ii. 416:

     Camillo. As he had seen’t, or been an instrument / To vice you to't, that you have touched his queen / Forbiddenly

   • De Quincey

     The coachman's hand was viced between his upper and lower thigh.

Etymology 3

From Latin vice (“in place of”), ablative form of vicis.

Adjective

vice (not comparable)

1. in place of; subordinate to; designating a person below another in rank

   vice president

   vice admiral

Derived terms

Terms derived from vice

• vice admiral

• vice governor

• vice mayor

• vice president

Preposition

vice

1. instead of, in place of

   A. B. was appointed postmaster vice C. D. resigned.

Anagrams

• ICEV, cive

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Esperanto

Adverb

vice

1. in rows

Related terms

• vico

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French

Etymology

Borrowed from Latin vītium.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /vis/
• Homophones: vis, visse, vissent, visses

Noun

vice m (plural vices)

1. vice

Derived terms

• vice de forme
• vicier
  • vicié
• vicieux

See also

• défaut
• péché

Further reading

• “vice” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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Ido

Preposition

vice

1. instead of

Adverb

vice

1. instead

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Italian

Etymology

From Latin vicem.

Pronunciation

• Rhymes: -itʃe

Noun

vice m, f (invariable)

1. deputy, substitute, vice

Related terms

• vicepresidente
• vice-

Anagrams

• veci

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Latin

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈwi.ke/, [ˈwɪ.kɛ]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.t͡ʃe/, [ˈviː.t͡ʃe]

Noun

vice

1. ablative singular of vicis

Preposition

vice

1. in place of, subordinate to

Derived terms

• vice versā

Descendants

• English: vice-
• French: vice
• Ido: vice
• Italian: vice
• Swedish: vice

Etymology 2

Noun

vīce

1. vocative singular of vīcus

References

• vice in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• vice in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• vice in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français [Illustrated Latin-French Dictionary], Hachette

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Middle French

Etymology

From Old French vice, borrowed from Latin vitium.

Noun

vice m (plural vices)

1. vice (bad habit)

Descendants

• French: vice

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Portuguese

Noun

vice m, f (plural vices)

1. used as an abbreviation of any word containing the prefix vice-

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Slovene

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈʋìːtsɛ/, /ˈʋíːtsɛ/
• Tonal orthography: více, vȋce

Noun

více f pl (genitive víc, plurale tantum)

1. purgatory

Declension

Declension of více (feminine, a-stem)

	plural
nominative	více
accusative	více
genitive	víc
dative	vícam
locative	vícah
instrumental	vícami

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Spanish

Noun

vice m, f (plural vice)

1. vice (second in command)

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Swedish

Pronunciation

• Audio

  (file)

Adjective

vice

1. vice, second in rank, deputy, stand-in, acting

Related terms

• vicedirektör
• vicekonung
• vicepresident
• vicevärd
• vice versa