vivo

See also: vívó, vivó, and vivő

Asturian

Adjective

vivo

1. neuter of vivu

Chavacano

Etymology

Inherited from Spanish vivo (“alive”).

Pronunciation

• Hyphenation: vi‧vo

Adjective

vivo

1. alive

   Antonym: muerto

Esperanto

Etymology

Etymology tree

Esperanto vivi

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-ós

Proto-Indo-European *-os

Proto-Italic *-os

Archaic Latin -os

Latin -um

Italian -oder.

Proto-Indo-European *-om

Proto-Italic *-om

Archaic Latin -om

Latin -um

Spanish -oder.

Ancient Greek -οι (-oi)der.

Esperanto -o

Esperanto vivo

From vivi (“to live”) + -o (nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvivo/

• Audio 1:

  (file)

• Audio 2:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ivo
• Syllabification: vi‧vo

Noun

vivo (accusative singular vivon, plural vivoj, accusative plural vivojn)

1. life

   Antonym: morto

Derived terms

• kunvivanto
• malvivo
• malvivulo
• porvivaĵo
• senvivaĵo
• vivaĵo

Related terms

• vivi (“to live”)

Further reading

• “vivo”, in Plena Ilustrita Vortaro de Esperanto [Complete Illustrated Dictionary of Esperanto], 2020, →ISBN
• “vivo”, in Reta Vortaro [Online Dictionary] (in Esperanto), 1997-2026

Galician

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbibo/ [ˈbi.β̞ʊ]
• Rhymes: -ibo
• Hyphenation: vi‧vo

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós

Proto-Italic *gʷīwos

Latin vīvus

Old Galician-Portuguese vivo

Galician vivo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vivo, from Latin vīvus (“alive, living”).

Adjective

vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas)

1. alive, living

   Antonym: morto

2. lively
3. vivid
4. pungent; harsh

   Antonym: suave

5. smart

   Synonyms: espelido, listo

Noun

vivo m (plural vivos)

1. a decorative band along the border of a cloth

Related terms

• vivir

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of vivir
2. first-person singular present indicative of viver

References

• Seoane, Ernesto Xosé González; Granja, María Álvarez de la; Agrelo, Ana Isabel Boullón (2006–2022), “vivo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval [Dictionary of dictionaries of Medieval Galician] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Barreiro, Xavier Varela; Guinovart, Xavier Gómez (2006–2018), “vivo”, in Corpus Xelmírez: corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval [Corpus Xelmírez: linguistic corpus of Medieval Galicia] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, editor (2006–2013), “vivo”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Antón Santamarina, Ernesto X. González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “vivo”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
• Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “vivo”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

Ido

Etymology

Borrowed from Esperanto vivo.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvivo/

Noun

vivo (plural vivi)

1. life

Italian

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vo/
• Rhymes: -ivo
• Hyphenation: vì‧vo

Etymology 1

Inherited from Latin vīvus (“alive”, “living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).

Adjective

vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivi, feminine plural vive, superlative vivissimo)

1. alive, live
2. brisk, animate, vivacious
3. vivid, intense, brilliant

Noun

vivo m (plural vivi)

1. living person

Derived terms

• a viva forza
• a vivo
• al vivo
• argento vivo
• avvivare
• da vivo
• dal vivo
• vivamente

Related terms

• avaccio
• redivivo
• rivivere
• vita
• vitale
• vitalità
• vivace
• vivacità
• vivaio
• vivere
• vivido
• viviparo

Further reading

• “vivo”, in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
• “vivo”, in Vocabolario Treccani on line (in Italian), Istituto dell'Enciclopedia Italiana, 2026

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of vivere

Anagrams

• ovvi

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *gʷīwō, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷíh₃weti (“to live”). The x and c in vīxī and vīctum were introduced by analogy with other verbs.

Cognate with Old English cwic (“alive”) (English quick), Old Church Slavonic жити (žiti), Ancient Greek βίος (bíos), Sanskrit जीवति (jīvati).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): [ˈwiː.woː]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): [ˈviː.vo]

Verb

vīvō (present infinitive vīvere, perfect active vīxī, supine vīctum); third conjugation, impersonal in the passive

1. to live

   Synonyms: versor, dēgō, spīrō

   Antonym: morior

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.2:

     O tempora, o mores! Senatus haec intellegit, consul videt; hic tamen vivit. Vivit? Immō vērō etiam in Senātum venit, […]

     Shame on the age and on its principles! The senate is aware of these things; the consul sees them; and yet this man lives. He lives? Indeed, in fact he even comes into the Senate, […] .

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.1:

     Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.

     As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trustworthy guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.

2. to be alive, to survive

   Synonyms: supersum, supervīvō

3. to reside in

   Synonyms: resideō, habitō, obsideō, cōnsīdō, possideō, subsīdō, stabulō, iaceō, incolō, colō, versō

   • 63 BCE, Cicero, In Catilinam orationes 1.9:

     O di immortales, ubinam gentium sumus? Quam rem publicam habemus? In qua urbe vivimus?

     O ye immortal gods, where on earth are we? What is the government we have? In what city are we living?

Usage notes

This verb is essentially intransitive, and thus has no passive forms. However, some limited passive use is attested:

• impersonal passive use: “negat Epicurus, jucunde posse vivi, nisi cum virtute vivatur”: "Epicurus says we cannot live pleasantly unless we live virtuously" (Cic. Tusc. 3, 20, 49)
• very rare personal passive use in poetry: “nunc tertia vivitur aetas” (Ov. M. 12, 187)

In later Latin, forms such as vivuntur or vivebantur are attested.

Conjugation

   Conjugation of vīvō (third conjugation, impersonal in the passive)

indicative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vīvō		vīvis		vīvit		vīvimus		vīvitis		vīvunt
	imperfect	vīvēbam		vīvēbās		vīvēbat		vīvēbāmus		vīvēbātis		vīvēbant
	future	vīvam		vīvēs		vīvet		vīvēmus		vīvētis		vīvent
	perfect	vīxī		vīxistī		vīxit		vīximus		vīxistis		vīxērunt, vīxēre
	pluperfect	vīxeram		vīxerās		vīxerat		vīxerāmus		vīxerātis		vīxerant
	future perfect	vīxerō		vīxeris		vīxerit		vīxerimus		vīxeritis		vīxerint
passive	present	—		—		vīvitur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		vīvēbātur		—		—		—
	future	—		—		vīvētur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		vīctum est		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		vīctum erat		—		—		—
	future perfect	—		—		vīctum erit		—		—		—
subjunctive		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	vīvam		vīvās		vīvat		vīvāmus		vīvātis		vīvant
	imperfect	vīverem		vīverēs		vīveret		vīverēmus		vīverētis		vīverent
	perfect	vīxerim		vīxerīs		vīxerit		vīxerīmus		vīxerītis		vīxerint
	pluperfect	vīxissem		vīxissēs		vīxisset		vīxissēmus		vīxissētis		vīxissent
passive	present	—		—		vīvātur		—		—		—
	imperfect	—		—		vīverētur		—		—		—
	perfect	—		—		vīctum sit		—		—		—
	pluperfect	—		—		vīctum esset		—		—		—
imperative		singular						plural
		first		second		third		first		second		third
active	present	—		vīve		—		—		vīvite		—
	future	—		vīvitō		vīvitō		—		vīvitōte		vīvuntō
passive	future	—		—		vīvitor		—		—		—
non-finite forms		infinitive						participle
		active			passive			active			passive
present		vīvere			vīvī			vīvēns			—
future		vīctūrum esse			vīctum īrī			vīctūrus			vīvendum
perfect		vīxisse			vīctum esse			—			vīctum
future perfect		—			vīctum fore			—			—
perfect potential		vīctūrum fuisse			—			—			—
verbal nouns		gerund								supine
		genitive		dative		accusative		ablative		accusative		ablative
		vīvendī		vīvendō		vīvendum		vīvendō		vīctum		vīctū

Derived terms

• convīva
• convivō
• ita vīvam (“as true as I live”)
• nē vīvam sī (“may I die if”)
• revīvō
• supervīvō
• vīctitō
• vīctus
• vīvāx
• vīvēscō
• vīvidus

Related terms

• vīta
• vītālis
• vīvācitās
• vīvāciter
• vīvārium
• vīvārius
• vīvātus
• vīvus

Descendants

• Aragonese: vivir
• Aromanian: anyedz, yiedz, nyiu
• Catalan: viure
• Franco-Provençal: vivre
• Friulian: vivi
• Italian: vivere
• Megleno-Romanian: ghiiri
• Old Leonese:
  • Asturian: vivir
  • Mirandese: bibir
• Franco-Provençal: vivre
• Old French: vivre
  • Bourguignon: vivre
  • Franc-Comtois: vétche
  • Middle French: vivre
    • French: vivre
  • Norman: vivre — Jersey
• Old Occitan: viure
  • Occitan: viure
• Old Galician-Portuguese: viver
  • Galician: vivir
  • Portuguese: viver
    • → Haitian Creole: vèvè
      • → English: veve
    • → Papiamentu: biba
• Old Spanish: bevir, bivir, vevir, viver
  • Ladino: bivir
  • Spanish: vivir
• Romanian: vie, via, învia
• Dalmatian: veiur
• Romansh: viver
• Sardinian: bívere, vívere
• Sicilian: vìviri
• Tarantino: vivere
• Venetan: vìvar, viver
• Walloon: viker (from first-person singular perfect active indicative vīxī)
• → Esperanto: vivi

Adjective

vivo

1. dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of vivus

Further reading

• “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “vivo”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891), An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• “vivo”, in Gaffiot, Félix (1934), Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner; Henry William Auden (1894), Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to live in the country: ruri vivere, rusticari
    
  • to live from day to day: in diem vivere
    
  • as long as I live: dum vita suppetit; dum (quoad) vivo
    
  • to be ten years old: decem annos vixisse
    
  • happiness, bliss: beata vita, beate vivere, beatum esse
    
  • to live in great affluence: in omnium rerum abundantia vivere
    
  • to be at leisure: in otio esse or vivere
    
  • to live on meat, fish, by plunder: vivere carne, piscibus, rapto (Liv. 7. 25)
    
  • to live on one's means: de suo (opp. alieno) vivere
    
  • I have no means, no livelihood: non habeo, qui (unde) vivam
    
  • to live well: laute vivere (Nep. Chab. 3. 2)
    
  • to live a luxurious and effeminate life: delicate ac molliter vivere
    
  • to be on friendly terms with a person: vivere cum aliquo
    
  • to live in solitude: in solitudine vivere (Fin. 3. 20. 65)
    
  • to live to oneself: secum vivere
    
  • to live with some one on an equal footing: aequo iure vivere cum aliquo
    
  • (ambiguous) the necessaries of life: quae ad victum pertinent
    
  • (ambiguous) things indispensable to a life of comfort: res ad victum cultumque necessariae
    
  • (ambiguous) a livelihood: quae suppeditant ad victum (Off. 1. 4. 12)
    
  • (ambiguous) to earn a livelihood by something: victum aliqua re quaerere
    
  • (ambiguous) to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere
    
• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

Macanese

Etymology

From Portuguese vivo, irregularly borrowing from the first-person singular present conjugation rather than the infinitive viver, which would have yielded *vivê.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vu/

Verb

vivo

1. (intransitive) to live

   vivo na estravagáncia ― to live in luxury

   Más bôm nádi vivo na acunga casa, assí maçombrado!

   It's better not to live in this house, it's so haunted!

Related terms

• (to live in a country/city): ficâ

References

• https://www.macaneselibrary.org/pub/english/uipatua.htm

Portuguese

Pronunciation

• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vu/

 

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vu/

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vu/
  • (Northern Portugal) IPA^(key): /ˈbi.bu/ [ˈbi.βu]

• Audio (Portugal (Porto)):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ivu
• Hyphenation: vi‧vo

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós

Proto-Italic *gʷīwos

Latin vīvus

Old Galician-Portuguese vivo

Portuguese vivo

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese vivo, from Latin vīvus, from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós.

Adjective

vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas, comparable, comparative mais vivo, superlative o mais vivo or vivíssimo, diminutive vivinho)

1. alive (having life; not dead)

   Antonym: morto

2. lively; vivacious

   Synonym: vivaz

3. (linguistics, of a language or lect) having native speakers

   Antonym: morto

4. strong (highly stimulating to the senses)

   Synonym: forte

   Antonym: fraco

Derived terms

• água-viva
• ao vivo
• entre vivos
• vivinho da silva

Related terms

• vida
• viva
• vivacidade
• vivamente
• vivário
• vivaz
• vivazmente
• vivedor
• vivedouro
• viveiro
• vivência
• vivenciado
• vivencial
• vivenciamento
• vivenciar
• vivenda
• vivente
• viver
• vivi-
• vividamente
• vívido
• vivível

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of viver
2. first-person singular present indicative of vivar

Further reading

• “vivo”, in Dicionário Aulete Digital (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2026
• “vivo”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2026

Spanish

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbibo/ [ˈbi.β̞o]

• Audio (Colombia):

  (file)

• Rhymes: -ibo
• Syllabification: vi‧vo

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *gʷeyh₃-

Proto-Indo-European *-wós

Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós

Proto-Italic *gʷīwos

Latin vīvus

Old Spanish bivo

▲

Latin vīvusinflu.

Spanish vivo

Inherited from Old Spanish bivo, vivo, from Latin vīvus. The dissimilated bivo was most common during the Middle Ages (compare Old Spanish bivir and bolver), with vivo becoming the standard form during the Spanish Golden Age for its semblance to the Latin etymon.

Adjective

vivo (feminine viva, masculine plural vivos, feminine plural vivas, superlative vivísimo)

1. alive, living (having life)

   Antonym: muerto

2. vivid, lively
3. intense, strong

   Synonyms: intenso, fuerte

Derived terms

• a lo vivo
• al rojo vivo
• al vivo
• cal viva
• cuadro vivo
• de viva voz
• el vivo vive del bobo
• en vivo
• me cago en tus vivos
• ser vivo
• seto vivo
• teoría del internet vivo
• viva estampa
• viva imagen
• vivamente
• vivito y coleando

Related terms

• avivar
• vida
• vivir

Descendants

• Chavacano: vivo

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of vivir

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of vivar

Further reading

• “vivo”, in Diccionario de la lengua española [Dictionary of the Spanish Language] (in Spanish), online version 23.8.1, Royal Spanish Academy [Spanish: Real Academia Española], 15 December 2025

Venetan

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈvi.vo/

Etymology 1

From Latin vīvus (“alive”, “living”), from Proto-Italic *gʷīwos, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).

Adjective

vivo (feminine singular viva, masculine plural vivi, feminine plural vive)

1. alive, live
2. brisk, animate, vivacious
3. vivid, intense, brilliant

Noun

vivo m (plural vivi)

1. living person

Derived terms

• arzento vivo

Related terms

• viver

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

vivo

1. first-person singular present indicative of viver

Anagrams

• vovi