winken
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See also: Winken
German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle High German winken, from Old High German winken, from Proto-West Germanic *winkijan, alternative form of *winkōn.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]winken (weak or mixed, third-person singular present winkt, past tense winkte, past participle gewunken or (original but now less common) gewinkt, auxiliary haben)
- to wave
- 1796, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, chapter 9, in Wilhelm Meisters Lehrjahre [Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship][2], volume 2, page 99:
- Man war nicht lange gefahren, als der Schiffer stille hielt, um mit Erlaubnis der Gesellschaft noch jemand einzunehmen, der am Ufer stand und gewinkt hatte.
- The boat had not been sailing long when the skipper stopped to take in someone else who had been standing on the shore waving, with the permission of the company.
- to beckon
Usage notes
[edit]- The originally weak verb started to develop alternative strong forms in Middle High German. These were long considered dialectal or colloquial, but the past participle gewunken has become standard and is increasingly replacing the now rarer gewinkt.[1][2]
Conjugation
[edit]infinitive | winken | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | winkend | ||||
past participle | gewunken gewinkt1 | ||||
auxiliary | haben | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
singular | plural | singular | plural | ||
present | ich winke | wir winken | i | ich winke | wir winken |
du winkst | ihr winkt | du winkest | ihr winket | ||
er winkt | sie winken | er winke | sie winken | ||
preterite | ich winkte | wir winkten | ii | ich winkte2 | wir winkten2 |
du winktest | ihr winktet | du winktest2 | ihr winktet2 | ||
er winkte | sie winkten | er winkte2 | sie winkten2 | ||
imperative | wink (du) winke (du) |
winkt (ihr) |
1Original but now less common.
2Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
1Original but now less common.
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Jacqueline Kubczak, Matthias Mösch (2017 March 14) “Gewinkt oder gewunken? — Schwache oder starke Flexion”, in grammis 2.0[1] (in German), Leibniz-Institut für Deutsche Sprache
- ^ gewinkt, gewunken at the Google Books Ngram Viewer.
Further reading
[edit]- “winken” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “winken” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “winken” in Duden online
- “winken” in OpenThesaurus.de
Low German
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle Low German winken, from Old Saxon winkōn, from Proto-Germanic *winkōną. See also wenken and wanken from the same root. Cognate with German winken, English wink, Dutch wenken.
Pronunciation
[edit]Verb
[edit]winken (past singular wunk, past participle wunken, auxiliary verb hebben)
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of winken (class 3 strong verb)
infinitive | winken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | wink | wunk |
2nd person singular | winks(t) | wunks(t) |
3rd person singular | wink(t) | wunk |
plural | winkt, winken | wunken |
imperative | present | — |
singular | wink | |
plural | winkt | |
participle | present | past |
winken | (e)wunken, gewunken | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Conjugation of winken (weak verb)
infinitive | winken | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | wink | wink |
2nd person singular | winks(t) | winks(t) |
3rd person singular | wink(t) | wink |
plural | winkt, winken | winken |
imperative | present | — |
singular | wink(e) | |
plural | winkt | |
participle | present | past |
winken | (e)winkt, gewinkt | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Related terms
[edit]Categories:
- German terms inherited from Middle High German
- German terms derived from Middle High German
- German terms inherited from Old High German
- German terms derived from Old High German
- German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- German 2-syllable words
- German terms with IPA pronunciation
- German terms with audio links
- German lemmas
- German verbs
- German weak verbs
- German mixed verbs
- German verbs using haben as auxiliary
- German terms with quotations
- Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German
- Low German terms derived from Middle Low German
- Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon
- Low German terms derived from Old Saxon
- Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- Low German terms with IPA pronunciation
- Low German lemmas
- Low German verbs
- Low German class 3 strong verbs
- Low German weak verbs