xhuga

Zulu

Etymology

From the ideophone xhuge.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ǁʰuːɡa/

Verb

-xhuga

1. (intransitive) to limp

Inflection

Tone L
Infinitive	ukuxhuga
	Positive	Negative
Infinitive	ukuxhuga	ukungaxhugi
	Imperative
	Simple	+ object concord
Singular	xhuga	-xhuge
Plural	xhugani	-xhugeni
	Present
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyaxhuga, ngixhuga	engixhugayo, engixhuga	ngixhuga	angixhugi	engingaxhugi	ngingaxhugi
2nd singular	uyaxhuga, uxhuga	oxhugayo, oxhuga	uxhuga	awuxhugi	ongaxhugi	ungaxhugi
1st plural	siyaxhuga, sixhuga	esixhugayo, esixhuga	sixhuga	asixhugi	esingaxhugi	singaxhugi
2nd plural	niyaxhuga, nixhuga	enixhugayo, enixhuga	nixhuga	anixhugi	eningaxhugi	ningaxhugi
Class 1	uyaxhuga, uxhuga	oxhugayo, oxhuga	exhuga	akaxhugi	ongaxhugi	engaxhugi
Class 2	bayaxhuga, baxhuga	abaxhugayo, abaxhuga	bexhuga	abaxhugi	abangaxhugi	bengaxhugi
Class 3	uyaxhuga, uxhuga	oxhugayo, oxhuga	uxhuga	awuxhugi	ongaxhugi	ungaxhugi
Class 4	iyaxhuga, ixhuga	exhugayo, exhuga	ixhuga	ayixhugi	engaxhugi	ingaxhugi
Class 5	liyaxhuga, lixhuga	elixhugayo, elixhuga	lixhuga	alixhugi	elingaxhugi	lingaxhugi
Class 6	ayaxhuga, axhuga	axhugayo, axhuga	exhuga	awaxhugi	angaxhugi	engaxhugi
Class 7	siyaxhuga, sixhuga	esixhugayo, esixhuga	sixhuga	asixhugi	esingaxhugi	singaxhugi
Class 8	ziyaxhuga, zixhuga	ezixhugayo, ezixhuga	zixhuga	azixhugi	ezingaxhugi	zingaxhugi
Class 9	iyaxhuga, ixhuga	exhugayo, exhuga	ixhuga	ayixhugi	engaxhugi	ingaxhugi
Class 10	ziyaxhuga, zixhuga	ezixhugayo, ezixhuga	zixhuga	azixhugi	ezingaxhugi	zingaxhugi
Class 11	luyaxhuga, luxhuga	oluxhugayo, oluxhuga	luxhuga	aluxhugi	olungaxhugi	lungaxhugi
Class 14	buyaxhuga, buxhuga	obuxhugayo, obuxhuga	buxhuga	abuxhugi	obungaxhugi	bungaxhugi
Class 15	kuyaxhuga, kuxhuga	okuxhugayo, okuxhuga	kuxhuga	akuxhugi	okungaxhugi	kungaxhugi
Class 17	kuyaxhuga, kuxhuga	okuxhugayo, okuxhuga	kuxhuga	akuxhugi	okungaxhugi	kungaxhugi
	Recent past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngixhugile, ngixhugē	engixhugile, engixhugē	ngixhugile, ngixhugē	angixhuganga	engingaxhuganga	ngingaxhuganga
2nd singular	uxhugile, uxhugē	oxhugile, oxhugē	uxhugile, uxhugē	awuxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	ungaxhuganga
1st plural	sixhugile, sixhugē	esixhugile, esixhugē	sixhugile, sixhugē	asixhuganga	esingaxhuganga	singaxhuganga
2nd plural	nixhugile, nixhugē	enixhugile, enixhugē	nixhugile, nixhugē	anixhuganga	eningaxhuganga	ningaxhuganga
Class 1	uxhugile, uxhugē	oxhugile, oxhugē	exhugile, exhugē	akaxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	engaxhuganga
Class 2	baxhugile, baxhugē	abaxhugile, abaxhugē	bexhugile, bexhugē	abaxhuganga	abangaxhuganga	bengaxhuganga
Class 3	uxhugile, uxhugē	oxhugile, oxhugē	uxhugile, uxhugē	awuxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	ungaxhuganga
Class 4	ixhugile, ixhugē	exhugile, exhugē	ixhugile, ixhugē	ayixhuganga	engaxhuganga	ingaxhuganga
Class 5	lixhugile, lixhugē	elixhugile, elixhugē	lixhugile, lixhugē	alixhuganga	elingaxhuganga	lingaxhuganga
Class 6	axhugile, axhugē	axhugile, axhugē	exhugile, exhugē	awaxhuganga	angaxhuganga	engaxhuganga
Class 7	sixhugile, sixhugē	esixhugile, esixhugē	sixhugile, sixhugē	asixhuganga	esingaxhuganga	singaxhuganga
Class 8	zixhugile, zixhugē	ezixhugile, ezixhugē	zixhugile, zixhugē	azixhuganga	ezingaxhuganga	zingaxhuganga
Class 9	ixhugile, ixhugē	exhugile, exhugē	ixhugile, ixhugē	ayixhuganga	engaxhuganga	ingaxhuganga
Class 10	zixhugile, zixhugē	ezixhugile, ezixhugē	zixhugile, zixhugē	azixhuganga	ezingaxhuganga	zingaxhuganga
Class 11	luxhugile, luxhugē	oluxhugile, oluxhugē	luxhugile, luxhugē	aluxhuganga	olungaxhuganga	lungaxhuganga
Class 14	buxhugile, buxhugē	obuxhugile, obuxhugē	buxhugile, buxhugē	abuxhuganga	obungaxhuganga	bungaxhuganga
Class 15	kuxhugile, kuxhugē	okuxhugile, okuxhugē	kuxhugile, kuxhugē	akuxhuganga	okungaxhuganga	kungaxhuganga
Class 17	kuxhugile, kuxhugē	okuxhugile, okuxhugē	kuxhugile, kuxhugē	akuxhuganga	okungaxhuganga	kungaxhuganga
	Remote past
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngāxhuga	engāxhuga	ngāxhuga	angixhuganga	engingaxhuganga	ngingaxhuganga
2nd singular	wāxhuga	owāxhuga	wāxhuga	awuxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	ungaxhuganga
1st plural	sāxhuga	esāxhuga	sāxhuga	asixhuganga	esingaxhuganga	singaxhuganga
2nd plural	nāxhuga	enāxhuga	nāxhuga	anixhuganga	eningaxhuganga	ningaxhuganga
Class 1	wāxhuga	owāxhuga	āxhuga	akaxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	engaxhuganga
Class 2	bāxhuga	abāxhuga	bāxhuga	abaxhuganga	abangaxhuganga	bengaxhuganga
Class 3	wāxhuga	owāxhuga	wāxhuga	awuxhuganga	ongaxhuganga	ungaxhuganga
Class 4	yāxhuga	eyāxhuga	yāxhuga	ayixhuganga	engaxhuganga	ingaxhuganga
Class 5	lāxhuga	elāxhuga	lāxhuga	alixhuganga	elingaxhuganga	lingaxhuganga
Class 6	āxhuga	āxhuga	āxhuga	awaxhuganga	angaxhuganga	engaxhuganga
Class 7	sāxhuga	esāxhuga	sāxhuga	asixhuganga	esingaxhuganga	singaxhuganga
Class 8	zāxhuga	ezāxhuga	zāxhuga	azixhuganga	ezingaxhuganga	zingaxhuganga
Class 9	yāxhuga	eyāxhuga	yāxhuga	ayixhuganga	engaxhuganga	ingaxhuganga
Class 10	zāxhuga	ezāxhuga	zāxhuga	azixhuganga	ezingaxhuganga	zingaxhuganga
Class 11	lwāxhuga	olwāxhuga	lwāxhuga	aluxhuganga	olungaxhuganga	lungaxhuganga
Class 14	bāxhuga	obāxhuga	bāxhuga	abuxhuganga	obungaxhuganga	bungaxhuganga
Class 15	kwāxhuga	okwāxhuga	kwāxhuga	akuxhuganga	okungaxhuganga	kungaxhuganga
Class 17	kwāxhuga	okwāxhuga	kwāxhuga	akuxhuganga	okungaxhuganga	kungaxhuganga
	Potential
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngingaxhuga	—	ngingaxhuga	ngingexhuge	—	ngingexhuge
2nd singular	ungaxhuga	—	ungaxhuga	ungexhuge	—	ungexhuge
1st plural	singaxhuga	—	singaxhuga	singexhuge	—	singexhuge
2nd plural	ningaxhuga	—	ningaxhuga	ningexhuge	—	ningexhuge
Class 1	angaxhuga	—	engaxhuga	angexhuge	—	engexhuge
Class 2	bangaxhuga	—	bengaxhuga	bangexhuge	—	bengexhuge
Class 3	ungaxhuga	—	ungaxhuga	ungexhuge	—	ungexhuge
Class 4	ingaxhuga	—	ingaxhuga	ingexhuge	—	ingexhuge
Class 5	lingaxhuga	—	lingaxhuga	lingexhuge	—	lingexhuge
Class 6	angaxhuga	—	engaxhuga	angexhuge	—	engexhuge
Class 7	singaxhuga	—	singaxhuga	singexhuge	—	singexhuge
Class 8	zingaxhuga	—	zingaxhuga	zingexhuge	—	zingexhuge
Class 9	ingaxhuga	—	ingaxhuga	ingexhuge	—	ingexhuge
Class 10	zingaxhuga	—	zingaxhuga	zingexhuge	—	zingexhuge
Class 11	lungaxhuga	—	lungaxhuga	lungexhuge	—	lungexhuge
Class 14	bungaxhuga	—	bungaxhuga	bungexhuge	—	bungexhuge
Class 15	kungaxhuga	—	kungaxhuga	kungexhuge	—	kungexhuge
Class 17	kungaxhuga	—	kungaxhuga	kungexhuge	—	kungexhuge
	Immediate future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngizoxhuga	engizoxhuga	ngizoxhuga	angizuxhuga	engingezuxhuga	ngingezuxhuga
2nd singular	uzoxhuga	ozoxhuga	uzoxhuga	awuzuxhuga	ongezuxhuga	ungezuxhuga
1st plural	sizoxhuga	esizoxhuga	sizoxhuga	asizuxhuga	esingezuxhuga	singezuxhuga
2nd plural	nizoxhuga	enizoxhuga	nizoxhuga	anizuxhuga	eningezuxhuga	ningezuxhuga
Class 1	uzoxhuga	ozoxhuga	ezoxhuga	akazuxhuga	ongezuxhuga	engezuxhuga
Class 2	bazoxhuga	abazoxhuga	bezoxhuga	abazuxhuga	abangezuxhuga	bengezuxhuga
Class 3	uzoxhuga	ozoxhuga	uzoxhuga	awuzuxhuga	ongezuxhuga	ungezuxhuga
Class 4	izoxhuga	ezoxhuga	izoxhuga	ayizuxhuga	engezuxhuga	ingezuxhuga
Class 5	lizoxhuga	elizoxhuga	lizoxhuga	alizuxhuga	elingezuxhuga	lingezuxhuga
Class 6	azoxhuga	azoxhuga	ezoxhuga	awazuxhuga	angezuxhuga	engezuxhuga
Class 7	sizoxhuga	esizoxhuga	sizoxhuga	asizuxhuga	esingezuxhuga	singezuxhuga
Class 8	zizoxhuga	ezizoxhuga	zizoxhuga	azizuxhuga	ezingezuxhuga	zingezuxhuga
Class 9	izoxhuga	ezoxhuga	izoxhuga	ayizuxhuga	engezuxhuga	ingezuxhuga
Class 10	zizoxhuga	ezizoxhuga	zizoxhuga	azizuxhuga	ezingezuxhuga	zingezuxhuga
Class 11	luzoxhuga	oluzoxhuga	luzoxhuga	aluzuxhuga	olungezuxhuga	lungezuxhuga
Class 14	buzoxhuga	obuzoxhuga	buzoxhuga	abuzuxhuga	obungezuxhuga	bungezuxhuga
Class 15	kuzoxhuga	okuzoxhuga	kuzoxhuga	akuzuxhuga	okungezuxhuga	kungezuxhuga
Class 17	kuzoxhuga	okuzoxhuga	kuzoxhuga	akuzuxhuga	okungezuxhuga	kungezuxhuga
	Remote future
	Positive absolute	Positive relative	Positive participial	Negative absolute	Negative relative	Negative participial
1st singular	ngiyoxhuga	engiyoxhuga	ngiyoxhuga	angiyuxhuga	engingeyuxhuga	ngingeyuxhuga
2nd singular	uyoxhuga	oyoxhuga	uyoxhuga	awuyuxhuga	ongeyuxhuga	ungeyuxhuga
1st plural	siyoxhuga	esiyoxhuga	siyoxhuga	asiyuxhuga	esingeyuxhuga	singeyuxhuga
2nd plural	niyoxhuga	eniyoxhuga	niyoxhuga	aniyuxhuga	eningeyuxhuga	ningeyuxhuga
Class 1	uyoxhuga	oyoxhuga	eyoxhuga	akayuxhuga	ongeyuxhuga	engeyuxhuga
Class 2	bayoxhuga	abayoxhuga	beyoxhuga	abayuxhuga	abangeyuxhuga	bengeyuxhuga
Class 3	uyoxhuga	oyoxhuga	uyoxhuga	awuyuxhuga	ongeyuxhuga	ungeyuxhuga
Class 4	iyoxhuga	eyoxhuga	iyoxhuga	ayiyuxhuga	engeyuxhuga	ingeyuxhuga
Class 5	liyoxhuga	eliyoxhuga	liyoxhuga	aliyuxhuga	elingeyuxhuga	lingeyuxhuga
Class 6	ayoxhuga	ayoxhuga	eyoxhuga	awayuxhuga	angeyuxhuga	engeyuxhuga
Class 7	siyoxhuga	esiyoxhuga	siyoxhuga	asiyuxhuga	esingeyuxhuga	singeyuxhuga
Class 8	ziyoxhuga	eziyoxhuga	ziyoxhuga	aziyuxhuga	ezingeyuxhuga	zingeyuxhuga
Class 9	iyoxhuga	eyoxhuga	iyoxhuga	ayiyuxhuga	engeyuxhuga	ingeyuxhuga
Class 10	ziyoxhuga	eziyoxhuga	ziyoxhuga	aziyuxhuga	ezingeyuxhuga	zingeyuxhuga
Class 11	luyoxhuga	oluyoxhuga	luyoxhuga	aluyuxhuga	olungeyuxhuga	lungeyuxhuga
Class 14	buyoxhuga	obuyoxhuga	buyoxhuga	abuyuxhuga	obungeyuxhuga	bungeyuxhuga
Class 15	kuyoxhuga	okuyoxhuga	kuyoxhuga	akuyuxhuga	okungeyuxhuga	kungeyuxhuga
Class 17	kuyoxhuga	okuyoxhuga	kuyoxhuga	akuyuxhuga	okungeyuxhuga	kungeyuxhuga
	Present subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngixhuge	ngingaxhugi
2nd singular	uxhuge	ungaxhugi
1st plural	sixhuge	singaxhugi
2nd plural	nixhuge	ningaxhugi
Class 1	axhuge	angaxhugi
Class 2	baxhuge	bangaxhugi
Class 3	uxhuge	ungaxhugi
Class 4	ixhuge	ingaxhugi
Class 5	lixhuge	lingaxhugi
Class 6	axhuge	angaxhugi
Class 7	sixhuge	singaxhugi
Class 8	zixhuge	zingaxhugi
Class 9	ixhuge	ingaxhugi
Class 10	zixhuge	zingaxhugi
Class 11	luxhuge	lungaxhugi
Class 14	buxhuge	bungaxhugi
Class 15	kuxhuge	kungaxhugi
Class 17	kuxhuge	kungaxhugi
	Past subjunctive
	Positive	Negative
1st singular	ngaxhuga	ngangaxhuga, angaxhuga, angangaxhuga
2nd singular	waxhuga	wangaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga
1st plural	saxhuga	sangaxhuga, asaxhuga, asangaxhuga
2nd plural	naxhuga	nangaxhuga, anaxhuga, anangaxhuga
Class 1	waxhuga	wangaxhuga, akaxhuga, akangaxhuga
Class 2	baxhuga	bangaxhuga, abaxhuga, abangaxhuga
Class 3	waxhuga	wangaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga
Class 4	yaxhuga	yangaxhuga, ayaxhuga, ayangaxhuga
Class 5	laxhuga	langaxhuga, alaxhuga, alangaxhuga
Class 6	axhuga	angaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga
Class 7	saxhuga	sangaxhuga, asaxhuga, asangaxhuga
Class 8	zaxhuga	zangaxhuga, azaxhuga, azangaxhuga
Class 9	yaxhuga	yangaxhuga, ayaxhuga, ayangaxhuga
Class 10	zaxhuga	zangaxhuga, azaxhuga, azangaxhuga
Class 11	lwaxhuga	lwangaxhuga, alwaxhuga, alwangaxhuga
Class 14	baxhuga	bangaxhuga, abaxhuga, abangaxhuga
Class 15	kwaxhuga	kwangaxhuga, akwaxhuga, akwangaxhuga
Class 17	kwaxhuga	kwangaxhuga, akwaxhuga, akwangaxhuga

References

• C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xhuga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xhuga (6.3)”