ymdrafferthu
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Welsh[edit]
Etymology[edit]
From ym- (“self-”) + trafferthu (“to trouble, to bother”).
Pronunciation[edit]
- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəmdraˈfɛrθɨ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˌəmdraˈfɛrθi/
Verb[edit]
ymdrafferthu (first-person singular present ymdrafferthaf)
- (intransitive) to bother, to go to the trouble, to make an effort
- Synonym: trafferthu
Conjugation[edit]
Conjugation (literary)
| singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
| present indicative/future | ymdrafferthaf | ymdrafferthi | ymdraffertha | ymdrafferthwn | ymdrafferthwch | ymdrafferthant | ymdrafferthir | |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
ymdrafferthwn | ymdrafferthit | ymdrafferthai | ymdrafferthem | ymdrafferthech | ymdrafferthent | ymdrafferthid | |
| preterite | ymdrafferthais | ymdrafferthaist | ymdrafferthodd | ymdrafferthasom | ymdrafferthasoch | ymdrafferthasant | ymdrafferthwyd | |
| pluperfect | ymdrafferthaswn | ymdrafferthasit | ymdrafferthasai | ymdrafferthasem | ymdrafferthasech | ymdrafferthasent | ymdrafferthasid, ymdrafferthesid | |
| present subjunctive | ymdrafferthwyf | ymdrafferthych | ymdraffertho | ymdrafferthom | ymdrafferthoch | ymdrafferthont | ymdrafferther | |
| imperative | — | ymdraffertha | ymdrafferthed | ymdrafferthwn | ymdrafferthwch | ymdrafferthent | ymdrafferther | |
| verbal noun | ymdrafferthu | |||||||
| verbal adjectives | ymdrafferthedig ymdrafferthadwy | |||||||
Conjugation (colloquial)
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | first | second | third | |
| future | ymdraffertha i, ymdrafferthaf i | ymdrafferthi di | ymdrafferthith o/e/hi, ymdrafferthiff e/hi | ymdrafferthwn ni | ymdrafferthwch chi | ymdrafferthan nhw |
| conditional | ymdrafferthwn i, ymdrafferthswn i | ymdrafferthet ti, ymdrafferthset ti | ymdrafferthai fo/fe/hi, ymdrafferthsai fo/fe/hi | ymdrafferthen ni, ymdrafferthsen ni | ymdrafferthech chi, ymdrafferthsech chi | ymdrafferthen nhw, ymdrafferthsen nhw |
| preterite | ymdrafferthais i, ymdrafferthes i | ymdrafferthaist ti, ymdrafferthest ti | ymdrafferthodd o/e/hi | ymdrafferthon ni | ymdrafferthoch chi | ymdrafferthon nhw |
| imperative | — | ymdraffertha | — | — | ymdrafferthwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. | ||||||
Mutation[edit]
| Welsh mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| radical | soft | nasal | h-prothesis |
| ymdrafferthu | unchanged | unchanged | hymdrafferthu |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further reading[edit]
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “ymdrafferthu”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies