دين

See also: دین

Arabic

Etymology 1

A historically conflated term derived from multiple layers of phono-semantic matching:

• Initially stemming from Proto-Semitic *dVn- (“obligated conduct; decisions of morality or ethics, judgement, decree, ruling”), where in Arabia it took specifically the foremost connotation of obligations, duty, what is expected or owed; hence also the sense of a monetary debt along with that which is owed to society ethically.
• Cognate terms in other Semitic languages also came with a more developed legal sense, rulings, a set of obligations, a law code; these senses were bolstered semantically borrowing from Aramaic דִּינָא (dīnā), Classical Syriac ܕܺܝܢܳܐ (dīnā, “judgement”), Hebrew דִּין (din), Ge'ez ደይን (däyn, “judgement”), which likely had their specified development from Akkadian 𒁲 (dīnum, “judgement; legal practice, precedent; legal case; court conduct, procedures, rule of law”). Another possible layer still is the term Sumerian 𒁲 (di /⁠did⁠/, “lawsuit, trial; legal decision”) which is a term of uncertain origins; potentially an early Akkadian borrowing, at least semantically, or natively derived from 𒁲 (di, “to speak”), a form of 𒅗 (dug₄ /⁠dug⁠/, “to speak, talk, say; to order, to negotiate”).
• The sense of religious creed or a system of religious rules is borrowed from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (dyn' /⁠dēn⁠/), which developed from Old Persian 𐎭𐎠𐎡𐎴 (d-a-i-n /⁠*daina-⁠/, “a religious-informed or conscientious way of life”), which underwent influence from Akkadian when the Achaemenid Empire incorporated its Semitic kingdoms. Developing also from Younger Avestan 𐬛𐬉𐬥𐬁 (dēnā), a term already having a predecessor with a religious sense in Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬥𐬁 (daēnā), which is possibly akin to Sanskrit ध्यान (dhyāna), whence zen. This possibly derives in part under the influence of Elamite, developing from the Akkadian legal sense; religious obligation to deities, the system or conduct of the priesthood regarding divinities.
• The Qurʾān and later Islamic scholarship adds an additional layer of phono-semantic matching, melding the native significations with the connotations imparted by the languages of their neighbors, both from the Semitic family and those not.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːn/

Noun

دِين • (dīn) m (plural أَدْيَان (ʔadyān))

1. verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna, “to be religious”) (form I)
2. (countable, uncountable) religion, creed, credo, faith, conviction, belief, tenet, rite
3. (uncountable, verbal noun) conformism, conformance, conformity, compliance, fealty, obedience; God-fearingness, godliness, religiosity, devoutness
4. law, obligations, duty
5. custom, habit

   لَيْسَ هٰذَا مِنْ دِينِي وَلَا دَيْدَنِي

   laysa hāḏā min dīnī walā daydanī

   This is not according to my habit nor to my wont.

6. judgement, decision, ruling
   1. (rare) requital, compensation, indemnification
   2. (rare) credit, obligation, account, falling due of a debt

Declension

Declension of noun دِين (dīn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِين dīn	الدِّين ad-dīn	دِين dīn
Nominative	دِينٌ dīnun	الدِّينُ ad-dīnu	دِينُ dīnu
Accusative	دِينًا dīnan	الدِّينَ ad-dīna	دِينَ dīna
Genitive	دِينٍ dīnin	الدِّينِ ad-dīni	دِينِ dīni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دِينَيْن dīnayn	الدِّينَيْن ad-dīnayn	دِينَيْ dīnay
Nominative	دِينَانِ dīnāni	الدِّينَانِ ad-dīnāni	دِينَا dīnā
Accusative	دِينَيْنِ dīnayni	الدِّينَيْنِ ad-dīnayni	دِينَيْ dīnay
Genitive	دِينَيْنِ dīnayni	الدِّينَيْنِ ad-dīnayni	دِينَيْ dīnay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَدْيَان ʔadyān	الْأَدْيَان al-ʔadyān	أَدْيَان ʔadyān
Nominative	أَدْيَانٌ ʔadyānun	الْأَدْيَانُ al-ʔadyānu	أَدْيَانُ ʔadyānu
Accusative	أَدْيَانًا ʔadyānan	الْأَدْيَانَ al-ʔadyāna	أَدْيَانَ ʔadyāna
Genitive	أَدْيَانٍ ʔadyānin	الْأَدْيَانِ al-ʔadyāni	أَدْيَانِ ʔadyāni

Derived terms

• دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
• يَوْمُ ٱلدِّينِ (yawmu d-dīni, “day of judgment”)
• صَلَاح الدِّين (ṣalāḥ ad-dīn, “Saladin”)
• عَلَاء الدِّين (ʕalāʔ ad-dīn, “Aladdin”)

Related terms

• دَيَّان (dayyān)
• دِيَانَة (diyāna)
• دِينِيّ (dīniyy)
• مُتَدَيِّن (mutadayyin)
• مُتَدَيِّنَة (mutadayyina)

Descendants

• → Armenian: դին (din) (islamic faith)
• → Azerbaijani: din
• → Avar: дин (din)
• → Bashkir: дин (din)
• → Chechen: дин (din)
• → Chuvash: тӗн (tĕn)
• → Crimean Tatar: din
• → Dhivehi: ދީން (dīn̊)
• → English: deen
• → Hindustani:

  Hindi: दीन (dīn)

  Urdu: دین (dīn)

• → Indonesian: din
• → Karaim: дин (din)
• Kurdish:

  → Northern Kurdish: dîn

  → Central Kurdish: دین (dîn)

• → Kazakh: дін (dın)
• → Kyrgyz: дин (din)
• → Malay: din
• → Maltese: din
• → Pashto: دين (din)
• → Ossetian: дин (din)
• → Ottoman Turkish: دین (din)

  > Turkish: din (inherited)

• → Santali: ᱫᱤᱱ (din)
• → Swahili: dini
• → Tatar: дин (din)
• → Turkmen: din
• → Uyghur: دىن (din)
• → Uzbek: din

Etymology 2

From the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to hold religion”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daj.jin/

Adjective

دَيِّن • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة (dayyina), masculine plural دَيِّنُونَ (dayyinūna), feminine plural دَيِّنَات (dayyināt))

1. religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

Declension

Declension of adjective دَيِّن (dayyin)

Singular	Masculine		Feminine
	basic singular triptote		singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	دَيِّن dayyin	الدَّيِّن ad-dayyin	دَيِّنَة dayyina	الدَّيِّنَة ad-dayyina
Nominative	دَيِّنٌ dayyinun	الدَّيِّنُ ad-dayyinu	دَيِّنَةٌ dayyinatun	الدَّيِّنَةُ ad-dayyinatu
Accusative	دَيِّنًا dayyinan	الدَّيِّنَ ad-dayyina	دَيِّنَةً dayyinatan	الدَّيِّنَةَ ad-dayyinata
Genitive	دَيِّنٍ dayyinin	الدَّيِّنِ ad-dayyini	دَيِّنَةٍ dayyinatin	الدَّيِّنَةِ ad-dayyinati
Dual	Masculine		Feminine
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	دَيِّنَيْن dayyinayn	الدَّيِّنَيْن ad-dayyinayn	دَيِّنَتَيْن dayyinatayn	الدَّيِّنَتَيْن ad-dayyinatayn
Nominative	دَيِّنَانِ dayyināni	الدَّيِّنَانِ ad-dayyināni	دَيِّنَتَانِ dayyinatāni	الدَّيِّنَتَانِ ad-dayyinatāni
Accusative	دَيِّنَيْنِ dayyinayni	الدَّيِّنَيْنِ ad-dayyinayni	دَيِّنَتَيْنِ dayyinatayni	الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ ad-dayyinatayni
Genitive	دَيِّنَيْنِ dayyinayni	الدَّيِّنَيْنِ ad-dayyinayni	دَيِّنَتَيْنِ dayyinatayni	الدَّيِّنَتَيْنِ ad-dayyinatayni
Plural	Masculine		Feminine
	sound masculine plural		sound feminine plural
	Indefinite	Definite	Indefinite	Definite
Informal	دَيِّنِين dayyinīn	الدَّيِّنِين ad-dayyinīn	دَيِّنَات dayyināt	الدَّيِّنَات ad-dayyināt
Nominative	دَيِّنُونَ dayyinūna	الدَّيِّنُونَ ad-dayyinūna	دَيِّنَاتٌ dayyinātun	الدَّيِّنَاتُ ad-dayyinātu
Accusative	دَيِّنِينَ dayyinīna	الدَّيِّنِينَ ad-dayyinīna	دَيِّنَاتٍ dayyinātin	الدَّيِّنَاتِ ad-dayyināti
Genitive	دَيِّنِينَ dayyinīna	الدَّيِّنِينَ ad-dayyinīna	دَيِّنَاتٍ dayyinātin	الدَّيِّنَاتِ ad-dayyināti

Etymology 3

Causative of the verb دَانَ (dāna, “to be a debtor”) from the د ي ن (d-y-n).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daj.ja.na/

Verb

دَيَّنَ • (dayyana) II, non-past يُدَيِّنُ‎ (yudayyinu)

1. to loan, to lend, to advance

Conjugation

Conjugation of

دَيَّنَ

(form-II sound)

verbal noun الْمَصْدَر						تَدْيِين tadyīn
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل						مُدَيِّن mudayyin
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول						مُدَيَّن mudayyan
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دَيَّنْتُ dayyantu	دَيَّنْتَ dayyanta	دَيَّنَ dayyana		دَيَّنْتُمَا dayyantumā	دَيَّنَا dayyanā		دَيَّنَّا dayyannā	دَيَّنْتُمْ dayyantum	دَيَّنُوا dayyanū
	f		دَيَّنْتِ dayyanti	دَيَّنَتْ dayyanat			دَيَّنَتَا dayyanatā			دَيَّنْتُنَّ dayyantunna	دَيَّنَّ dayyanna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَيِّنُ ʔudayyinu	تُدَيِّنُ tudayyinu	يُدَيِّنُ yudayyinu		تُدَيِّنَانِ tudayyināni	يُدَيِّنَانِ yudayyināni		نُدَيِّنُ nudayyinu	تُدَيِّنُونَ tudayyinūna	يُدَيِّنُونَ yudayyinūna
	f		تُدَيِّنِينَ tudayyinīna	تُدَيِّنُ tudayyinu			تُدَيِّنَانِ tudayyināni			تُدَيِّنَّ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ yudayyinna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَيِّنَ ʔudayyina	تُدَيِّنَ tudayyina	يُدَيِّنَ yudayyina		تُدَيِّنَا tudayyinā	يُدَيِّنَا yudayyinā		نُدَيِّنَ nudayyina	تُدَيِّنُوا tudayyinū	يُدَيِّنُوا yudayyinū
	f		تُدَيِّنِي tudayyinī	تُدَيِّنَ tudayyina			تُدَيِّنَا tudayyinā			تُدَيِّنَّ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ yudayyinna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَيِّنْ ʔudayyin	تُدَيِّنْ tudayyin	يُدَيِّنْ yudayyin		تُدَيِّنَا tudayyinā	يُدَيِّنَا yudayyinā		نُدَيِّنْ nudayyin	تُدَيِّنُوا tudayyinū	يُدَيِّنُوا yudayyinū
	f		تُدَيِّنِي tudayyinī	تُدَيِّنْ tudayyin			تُدَيِّنَا tudayyinā			تُدَيِّنَّ tudayyinna	يُدَيِّنَّ yudayyinna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		دَيِّنْ dayyin			دَيِّنَا dayyinā				دَيِّنُوا dayyinū
	f		دَيِّنِي dayyinī							دَيِّنَّ dayyinna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد				dual الْمُثَنَّى			plural الْجَمْع
		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب		1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	دُيِّنْتُ duyyintu	دُيِّنْتَ duyyinta	دُيِّنَ duyyina		دُيِّنْتُمَا duyyintumā	دُيِّنَا duyyinā		دُيِّنَّا duyyinnā	دُيِّنْتُمْ duyyintum	دُيِّنُوا duyyinū
	f		دُيِّنْتِ duyyinti	دُيِّنَتْ duyyinat			دُيِّنَتَا duyyinatā			دُيِّنْتُنَّ duyyintunna	دُيِّنَّ duyyinna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُدَيَّنُ ʔudayyanu	تُدَيَّنُ tudayyanu	يُدَيَّنُ yudayyanu		تُدَيَّنَانِ tudayyanāni	يُدَيَّنَانِ yudayyanāni		نُدَيَّنُ nudayyanu	تُدَيَّنُونَ tudayyanūna	يُدَيَّنُونَ yudayyanūna
	f		تُدَيَّنِينَ tudayyanīna	تُدَيَّنُ tudayyanu			تُدَيَّنَانِ tudayyanāni			تُدَيَّنَّ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ yudayyanna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُدَيَّنَ ʔudayyana	تُدَيَّنَ tudayyana	يُدَيَّنَ yudayyana		تُدَيَّنَا tudayyanā	يُدَيَّنَا yudayyanā		نُدَيَّنَ nudayyana	تُدَيَّنُوا tudayyanū	يُدَيَّنُوا yudayyanū
	f		تُدَيَّنِي tudayyanī	تُدَيَّنَ tudayyana			تُدَيَّنَا tudayyanā			تُدَيَّنَّ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ yudayyanna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُدَيَّنْ ʔudayyan	تُدَيَّنْ tudayyan	يُدَيَّنْ yudayyan		تُدَيَّنَا tudayyanā	يُدَيَّنَا yudayyanā		نُدَيَّنْ nudayyan	تُدَيَّنُوا tudayyanū	يُدَيَّنُوا yudayyanū
	f		تُدَيَّنِي tudayyanī	تُدَيَّنْ tudayyan			تُدَيَّنَا tudayyanā			تُدَيَّنَّ tudayyanna	يُدَيَّنَّ yudayyanna

Related terms

• إِدَانَة (ʔidāna)
• اِسْتِدَانَة (istidāna)
• دَائِن (dāʔin)
• دَيْنُونَة (daynūna)
• مُدَان (mudān)
• مَدِين (madīn)
• مُدِين (mudīn)
• مَدْيُون (madyūn)
• مَدْيُونِيَّة (madyūniyya, “indebtedness”)

Etymology 4

Root
د ي ن (d-y-n)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /dajn/

Noun

دَيْن • (dayn) m (plural دُيُون (duyūn) or أَدْيُن (ʔadyun))

1. verbal noun of دَانَ (dāna) (form I)
2. debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim

   Synonyms: سَلَف (salaf), قَرْض (qarḍ)

Declension

Declension of noun دَيْن (dayn)

Singular	basic singular triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَيْن dayn	الدَّيْن ad-dayn	دَيْن dayn
Nominative	دَيْنٌ daynun	الدَّيْنُ ad-daynu	دَيْنُ daynu
Accusative	دَيْنًا daynan	الدَّيْنَ ad-dayna	دَيْنَ dayna
Genitive	دَيْنٍ daynin	الدَّيْنِ ad-dayni	دَيْنِ dayni
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دَيْنَيْن daynayn	الدَّيْنَيْن ad-daynayn	دَيْنَيْ daynay
Nominative	دَيْنَانِ daynāni	الدَّيْنَانِ ad-daynāni	دَيْنَا daynā
Accusative	دَيْنَيْنِ daynayni	الدَّيْنَيْنِ ad-daynayni	دَيْنَيْ daynay
Genitive	دَيْنَيْنِ daynayni	الدَّيْنَيْنِ ad-daynayni	دَيْنَيْ daynay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	دُيُون‎; أَدْيُن duyūn‎; ʔadyun	الدُّيُون‎; الْأَدْيُن ad-duyūn‎; al-ʔadyun	دُيُون‎; أَدْيُن duyūn‎; ʔadyun
Nominative	دُيُونٌ‎; أَدْيُنٌ duyūnun‎; ʔadyunun	الدُّيُونُ‎; الْأَدْيُنُ ad-duyūnu‎; al-ʔadyunu	دُيُونُ‎; أَدْيُنُ duyūnu‎; ʔadyunu
Accusative	دُيُونًا‎; أَدْيُنًا duyūnan‎; ʔadyunan	الدُّيُونَ‎; الْأَدْيُنَ ad-duyūna‎; al-ʔadyuna	دُيُونَ‎; أَدْيُنَ duyūna‎; ʔadyuna
Genitive	دُيُونٍ‎; أَدْيُنٍ duyūnin‎; ʔadyunin	الدُّيُونِ‎; الْأَدْيُنِ ad-duyūni‎; al-ʔadyuni	دُيُونِ‎; أَدْيُنِ duyūni‎; ʔadyuni

Etymology 5

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diː.na/

Verb

دِينَ • (dīna) (form I)

1. third-person masculine singular past passive of دَانَ (dāna)

References

• Badawi, Elsaid M., Abdel Haleem, Muhammad (2008) “د/ي/ن d-y-n”, in Arabic-English Dictionary of Qurʾanic Usage (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 85), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 320–321
• Cheung, Johnny (2017) On the (Middle) Iranian borrowings in Qurʾānic (and pre-Islamic) Arabic‎^[1], Leiden: Leiden University, page 9
• Corriente, Federico (2005) “دين”, in Diccionario avanzado árabe‎^[2] (in Spanish), 2nd edition, volume I, Barcelona: Herder, page 387
• Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “دين”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎^[3] (in French), volume 1, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 482
• Jeffery, Arthur (1938) “دِين”, in The Foreign Vocabulary of the Qurʾān (Gaekwad’s Oriental Series; 79), Baroda: Oriental Institute, page 131 seqq.
• Freytag, Georg (1833) “دين”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎^[4] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 76–77
• Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “دين”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎^[5] (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C^ie, page 758
• Lane, Edward William (1863) “دين”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎^[6], London: Williams & Norgate, pages 943–944
• Leslau, Wolf (1991) “የነደ”, in Comparative Dictionary of Geʿez (Classical Ethiopic), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, →ISBN, page 146
• Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “دين”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎^[7], London: W.H. Allen, pages 381–382
• Wahrmund, Adolf (1887) “دين”, in Handwörterbuch der neu-arabischen und deutschen Sprache‎^[8] (in German), volume 1, Gießen: J. Ricker’sche Buchhandlung, page 698
• Wehr, Hans (1979) “دين”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 353
• Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “دين”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎^[9] (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 423

Hijazi Arabic

Root
د ي ن
1 term

Etymology 1

From Arabic دِين (dīn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /diːn/

Noun

دين • (dīn) m (plural أديان (ʔadyān))

1. religion

Etymology 2

From Arabic دَيْن (dayn).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /deːn/, [de̞ːn]

Noun

دين • (dēn) m (plural دِيون (diyūn))

1. debt, debit, liability, pecuniary, obligation, financial claim

Etymology 3

From Arabic دَيَّنَ (dayyana).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daj.jan/

Verb

دَيَّن • (dayyan) II (non-past يِدَيِّن (yidayyin))

1. to loan, to lend, to advance

Conjugation

Conjugation of دين (dayyan)
		singular				plural
		1st person	2nd person	3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
past	m	دينت (dayyant)	دينت (dayyant)	دين (dayyan)		ديننا (dayyanna)	دينتوا (dayyantu)	دينوا (dayyanu)
	f		دينتي (dayyanti)	دينت (dayyanat)
non-past	m	أدين (ʔadayyin)	تدين (tidayyin)	يدين (yidayyin)		ندين (nidayyin)	تدينوا (tidayyinu)	يدينوا (yidayyinu)
	f		تديني (tidayyini)	تدين (tidayyin)
imperative	m		دين (dayyin)				دينوا (dayyinu)
	f		ديني (dayyini)

Etymology 4

From Arabic دَيِّن (dayyin).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /daj.jin/

Adjective

دين • (dayyin) (feminine دَيِّنَة (dayyina), common plural دَيِّنِين (dayyinīn), feminine plural دَيِّنات (dayyināt))

1. religious, pious, godly, God-fearing, devout

Usage notes

The common plural adjective is used with both feminine and masculine plural nouns, while the feminine plural adjective is rarely used and only used with feminine nouns.