ضد

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See also: صد

Arabic[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From the root ض د د (ḍ-d-d). Likely related to Hebrew צד (tsád).

Pronunciation 1[edit]

Noun[edit]

ضِدّ • (ḍidd) m (plural أَضْدَاد (ʔaḍdād))

  1. opposite, contrast
    اَلسَّوَادُ ضِدُّ الْبَيَاضِ
    as-sawādu ḍiddu l-bayāḍi
    The black is an opposite of the white.
  2. alike, equal, match, counterpart
    لَيْسَ لَهُ ضِدٌّ فِي ٱجْتِهَادِهِ
    laysa lahu ḍiddun fī jtihādihi
    There is no equivalent to his diligence.
  3. (semantics) word with two opposite meanings; auto-antonym
  4. antonym
  5. adversary, opponent
  6. antitoxin, antidote, anti-
Declension[edit]
Declension of noun ضِدّ (ḍidd)
Singular basic singular triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ضِدّ
ḍidd 		الضِّدّ
aḍ-ḍidd 		ضِدّ
ḍidd
Nominative ضِدٌّ
ḍiddun 		الضِّدُّ
aḍ-ḍiddu 		ضِدُّ
ḍiddu
Accusative ضِدًّا
ḍiddan 		الضِّدَّ
aḍ-ḍidda 		ضِدَّ
ḍidda
Genitive ضِدٍّ
ḍiddin 		الضِّدِّ
aḍ-ḍiddi 		ضِدِّ
ḍiddi
Dual Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal ضِدَّيْن
ḍiddayn 		الضِّدَّيْن
aḍ-ḍiddayn 		ضِدَّيْ
ḍidday
Nominative ضِدَّانِ
ḍiddāni 		الضِّدَّانِ
aḍ-ḍiddāni 		ضِدَّا
ḍiddā
Accusative ضِدَّيْنِ
ḍiddayni 		الضِّدَّيْنِ
aḍ-ḍiddayni 		ضِدَّيْ
ḍidday
Genitive ضِدَّيْنِ
ḍiddayni 		الضِّدَّيْنِ
aḍ-ḍiddayni 		ضِدَّيْ
ḍidday
Plural basic broken plural triptote
Indefinite Definite Construct
Informal أَضْدَاد
ʔaḍdād 		الْأَضْدَاد
al-ʔaḍdād 		أَضْدَاد
ʔaḍdād
Nominative أَضْدَادٌ
ʔaḍdādun 		الْأَضْدَادُ
al-ʔaḍdādu 		أَضْدَادُ
ʔaḍdādu
Accusative أَضْدَادًا
ʔaḍdādan 		الْأَضْدَادَ
al-ʔaḍdāda 		أَضْدَادَ
ʔaḍdāda
Genitive أَضْدَادٍ
ʔaḍdādin 		الْأَضْدَادِ
al-ʔaḍdādi 		أَضْدَادِ
ʔaḍdādi
Descendants[edit]
  • → Azerbaijani: zidd
  • → Crimean Tatar: zıt
  • → Karaim: зыт
  • → Krymchak: зыт
  • → Ottoman Turkish: ضد (żıd, żıt)
    > Turkish: zıt (inherited)
  • → Tatar: зыт (zıt)
  • → Uyghur: زىت (zit)
  • → Uzbek: zid

Pronunciation 2[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dˤid.da/
  • Audio(file)

Preposition[edit]

ضِدَّ • (ḍidda)

  1. against
Inflection[edit]
    Inflected forms
Base form ضِدَّ (ḍidda)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		Singular Dual Plural
Masculine Feminine Common Masculine Feminine
First person ضِدِّي (ḍiddī) ضِدَّنَا (ḍiddanā)
Second person ضِدَّكَ (ḍiddaka) ضِدَّكِ (ḍiddaki) ضِدَّكُمَا (ḍiddakumā) ضِدَّكُمْ (ḍiddakum) ضِدَّكُنَّ (ḍiddakunna)
Third person ضِدَّهُ (ḍiddahu) ضِدَّهَا (ḍiddahā) ضِدَّهُمَا (ḍiddahumā) ضِدَّهُمْ (ḍiddahum) ضِدَّهُنَّ (ḍiddahunna)

Moroccan Arabic[edit]

Pronunciation[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Noun[edit]

ضد • (ḍadd) m (plural ضدود (ḍdūd) or ضدودة (ḍdūda))

  1. opposite, contrast
  2. antonym

Etymology 2[edit]

From Arabic ضِدَّ (ḍidda).

Preposition[edit]

ضد • (ḍadd)

  1. against
Inflection[edit]
Inflected forms of ضد
Base form ضد (ḍadd)
Personal-pronoun-
including forms 		singular plural
m f
1st person ضدي (ḍaddi) ضدنا (ḍaddna)
2nd person ضدك (ḍaddak) ضدكي (ḍaddki) ضدكم (ḍaddkum)
3rd person ضده (ḍaddu) ضدها (ḍaddha) ضدهم (ḍaddhum)

Persian[edit]

Etymology 1[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏ
Dari reading? zid
Iranian reading? zed
Tajik reading? zid

Adjective[edit]

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد • (zedd)

  1. opposite
  2. contrary
  3. adversarial

Noun[edit]

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зид, зидд

ضد • (zedd)

  1. opposition
  2. contrary
  3. adversary

Descendants[edit]

  • → Punjabi:
    Gurmukhi script: ਜਿਦ (jid)
    Shahmukhi script: ضد (zid)

Etymology 2[edit]

From ضد (zedd) + ezafe.

Pronunciation[edit]

 

Readings
Classical reading? ziḏḏ-i
Dari reading? zidd-i
Iranian reading? zedd-e
Tajik reading? zidd-i

Preposition[edit]

Dari ضد
Iranian Persian
Tajik зидди

ضد • (zedd-e)

  1. against

Prefix[edit]

Dari ضدـ
Iranian Persian
Tajik зидди-

ضدـ • (zedd-e-)

  1. anti-, counter-
    ‎ضدـ + ‎آب (âb) → ‎ضدآب (zedd-e-âb, “waterproof”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎انقلاب (enqelâb) → ‎ضدانقلاب (zedd-e-enqelâb, “counter-revolutionary, counterrevolutionary”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎تانک (tânk) → ‎ضدتانک (zedd-e-tânk, “anti-tank, antitank”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎تروریسم (terorism) → ‎ضدتروریسم (zedd-e-terorism, “anti-terrorism, antiterrorism”)
    ‎ضدـ + ‎یخ (yax) → ‎ضدیخ (zedd-e-yax, “anti-freeze, antifreeze”)
Derived terms[edit]
Persian terms prefixed with ضد

South Levantine Arabic[edit]

Root
ض د د
1 term

Etymology[edit]

From Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd).

Pronunciation[edit]

  • IPA(key): /dˤidd/, [dˤɪdˤ]
  • Audio (Ramallah)(file)

Preposition[edit]

ضدّ • (ḍidd)

  1. against

Urdu[edit]

Etymology[edit]

First attested in c. 1665 as Middle Hindi ضد (zid, zidd), borrowed from Classical Persian ضِدّ (zidd), itself from Arabic ضِدّ (ḍidd). Cognate with Punjabi ضِدّ (ẓidd).

Pronunciation[edit]

Adjective[edit]

ضِد • (zid) (indeclinable, Hindi spelling ज़िद)

  1. (formal) contrary; opposite
    • 1987, آنریبل سیّد امیر علی [Honourable Sayyid Ameer Ali], translated by محمدؐ ہادی حسین [Muhammad Hadi Hussain], رُوحِ اِسْلَام [rūh-i islām, The Spirit of Islam]‎[1], Lahore, pages 16-17:
      موت کے بعد انسان کی تقدیر کے بارے میں بدھ مت کا جو تصور تھا وہ برہمی نظریوں کی عین ضد تھا
      maut ke ba'd insān kī taqdīr ke bāre mẽ budh mat kā jo tasavvar thā vo barhamī nazariyõ kī 'ain zid thā
      The Buddhist concept of the destiny of man after death was completely opposite to Brahmanist theories.

Noun[edit]

ضِد • (zid) f (Hindi spelling ज़िद)

  1. stubbornness (connoted with ego; anger)
    • 1986, شیخ محمد عبد اللہ [Sheikh Muhammad Abdullah], آتِشِ چِنار [ātiś-i cinār]‎[2], Srinagar, →OCLC, page 514:
      انھوں نے بڑے اصرار کے ساتھ مجھ سے کہا کہ "ضِد چھوڑ دو۔ اِس معمولی بات پر معاملات کو بگڑنے نہ دو۔"
      unhõ ne baṛe isrār ke sāth mujh se kahā ki "zid choṛ do. is ma'mūlī bāt par mu'āmalāt ko bigaṛne na do."
      He insistently told me "Leave this stubbornness of yours. Don't let affairs deteriorate over this trivial matter."
  2. egotism, selfishness
  3. opposition, enmity, contrariety
  4. (semantics) antonym

Declension[edit]

Declension of ضد
singular plural
direct ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّیں (ziddẽ)
oblique ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّوں (ziddõ)
vocative ضِدّ (zidd) ضِدّو (ziddo)

Derived terms[edit]

Derived terms

Further reading[edit]

  • “ضد”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
  • “ضد”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
  • Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “ضد”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary‎, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “ضد”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co., page 748
  • S. W. Fallon (1879) “ضد”, in A New Hindustani-English Dictionary, Banaras, London: Trubner and Co., page 835
  • John Shakespear (1834) “ضد”, in A dictionary, Hindustani and English: with a copious index, fitting the work to serve, also, as a dictionary of English and Hindustani, 3rd edition, London: J.L. Cox and Son, →OCLC
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