मैं

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See also: म and में

Dogri[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

Pronoun[edit]

मैं (ma͠i)

  1. I

Hindi[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Old Hindi मैं (maiṃ), from Sauraseni Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.[1][2][3]

Cognate to Punjabi ਮੈਂ (maĩ), Nepali म (ma), Assamese মই (moi), Odia ମୁଁ (mũ) , Sylheti ꠝꠥꠁ (mui), Bengali মুই (mui), Marathi मी (mī), all deriving from oblique forms of the first-person personal pronoun.

Pronunciation[edit]

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /mɛ̃ː/
  • (dialectal) IPA(key): /məɪ/, [məɪ̯]
  • Audio(file)

Pronoun[edit]

मैं • (ma͠i) m or f (Urdu spelling مَیں)

  1. I (the first person personal singular pronoun)
    मैं एक आदमी हूँ।
    ma͠i ek ādmī hū̃.
    I am a man.

Inflection[edit]

Pronoun declension of मैं
direct मैं
ma͠i
indirect मुझ
mujh
ergative मैंने
ma͠ine
genitive मेरा
merā
dative मुझे, मुझको
mujhe, mujhko
instrumental/ablative मुझसे
mujhse
inessive मुझमें
mujhmẽ
adessive मुझपे, मुझपर
mujhpe, mujhpar
terminative मुझतक
mujhtak
semblative मुझसा
mujhsā

Synonyms[edit]

  • हम (ham) (dialectal, colloquial)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Vit Bubenik, Chitra Paranjape (1996 April) “Development of Pronominal Systems from Apabhraṃśa to New Indo-Aryan”, in Indo-Iranian Journal‎[1], volume 39, number 2, Brill, pages 111–132
  2. ^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “ma”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Pischel, Richard, Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957) Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages‎[2], Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass.

Further reading[edit]

  • McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “मैं”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press
  • Platts, John T. (1884) “मैं”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
  • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “मैं”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Kumaoni[edit]

Etymology[edit]

From Khasa Prakrit [Term?] (compare Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae)), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

Pronoun[edit]

मैं (ma͠i)

  1. I

Old Hindi[edit]

Alternative forms[edit]

Etymology[edit]

Inherited from Sauraseni Apabhramsa मइं (maĩ), from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀫𑀏 (mae), from Sanskrit मया (mayā), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *máyaH (the instrumental singular of *aȷ́ʰám (“I”)), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁móy.

Pronoun[edit]

मैं (maiṃ)

  1. I
    • c. 1500, Kabir, Assorted Poetry, pad 76, line 3:
      जग मैं देषूँ जग न देषि मोहि
      jaga maiṃ deṣūm̐ jaga na deṣi mohi
      I see the world, [but] the world does not see me.

Descendants[edit]

  • Hindustani:
    Hindi: मैं (ma͠i)
    Urdu: میں (ma͠i)
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